Sources of Uncertainty, digital original edition

Sources of Uncertainty, digital original edition
Author: Greg Costikyan
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2014-01-10
Genre: Games & Activities
ISBN: 0262316420

Uncertainty in games—from Super Mario Bros. to Rock/Paper/Scissors—engages players and shapes play experiences. This BIT examines the sources of that uncertainty, from doubts about performance to a game's elements of randomness.

Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty

Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 359
Release: 1991-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309046777

The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.

Understanding Risk

Understanding Risk
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 263
Release: 1996-06-05
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0309133246

Understanding Risk addresses a central dilemma of risk decisionmaking in a democracy: detailed scientific and technical information is essential for making decisions, but the people who make and live with those decisions are not scientists. The key task of risk characterization is to provide needed and appropriate information to decisionmakers and the public. This important new volume illustrates that making risks understandable to the public involves much more than translating scientific knowledge. The volume also draws conclusions about what society should expect from risk characterization and offers clear guidelines and principles for informing the wide variety of risk decisions that face our increasingly technological society. Frames fundamental questions about what risk characterization means. Reviews traditional definitions and explores new conceptual and practical approaches. Explores how risk characterization should inform decisionmakers and the public. Looks at risk characterization in the context of the entire decisionmaking process. Understanding Risk discusses how risk characterization has fallen short in many recent controversial decisions. Throughout the text, examples and case studiesâ€"such as planning for the long-term ecological health of the Everglades or deciding on the operation of a waste incineratorâ€"bring key concepts to life. Understanding Risk will be important to anyone involved in risk issues: federal, state, and local policymakers and regulators; risk managers; scientists; industrialists; researchers; and concerned individuals.

Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford

Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2001-11-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309075963

The Hanford Site was established by the federal government in 1943 as part of the secret wartime effort to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. The site operated for about four decades and produced roughly two thirds of the 100 metric tons of plutonium in the U.S. inventory. Millions of cubic meters of radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes, the by-product of plutonium production, were stored in tanks and ancillary facilities at the site or disposed or discharged to the subsurface, the atmosphere, or the Columbia River. In the late 1980s, the primary mission of the Hanford Site changed from plutonium production to environmental restoration. The federal government, through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), began to invest human and financial resources to stabilize and, where possible, remediate the legacy of environmental contamination created by the defense mission. During the past few years, this financial investment has exceeded $1 billion annually. DOE, which is responsible for cleanup of the entire weapons complex, estimates that the cleanup program at Hanford will last until at least 2046 and will cost U.S. taxpayers on the order of $85 billion. Science and Technology for Environmental Cleanup at Hanford provides background information on the Hanford Site and its Integration Project,discusses the System Assessment Capability, an Integration Project-developed risk assessment tool to estimate quantitative effects of contaminant releases, and reviews the technical elements of the scierovides programmatic-level recommendations.

Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions

Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2000-08-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309070880

The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.

Uncertain Archives

Uncertain Archives
Author: Nanna Bonde Thylstrup
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 638
Release: 2021-02-02
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262539888

Scholars from a range of disciplines interrogate terms relevant to critical studies of big data, from abuse and aggregate to visualization and vulnerability. This pathbreaking work offers an interdisciplinary perspective on big data, interrogating key terms. Scholars from a range of disciplines interrogate concepts relevant to critical studies of big data--arranged glossary style, from from abuse and aggregate to visualization and vulnerability--both challenging conventional usage of such often-used terms as prediction and objectivity and introducing such unfamiliar ones as overfitting and copynorm. The contributors include both leading researchers, including N. Katherine Hayles, Johanna Drucker and Lisa Gitelman, and such emerging agenda-setting scholars as Safiya Noble, Sarah T. Roberts and Nicole Starosielski.

Cybersecurity & Digital Forensics

Cybersecurity & Digital Forensics
Author: ANAS ZAKIR
Publisher: Clever Fox Publishing
Total Pages: 605
Release: 2022-03-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN:

About The Book: This book is for beginners, cybersecurity and digital forensics enthusiasts, or anyone who wants to boost their knowledge, skills and want to learn about cybersecurity & digital forensics. This book explains different programming languages, cryptography, steganography techniques, networking, web application security, and digital forensics concepts in an evident manner with examples. This book will enable you to grasp different cybersecurity, digital forensics, and programming concepts and will allow you to understand how to implement security and break security in a system for testing purposes. Also, in this book, we will discuss how to manually perform a forensics investigation for extracting volatile & non-volatile data in Linux and Windows OS using the command-line interface. In this book, we will mostly use command-line interface for performing different tasks using programming and commands skills that we will acquire in different chapters. In this book you will learn: • Setting up & Managing Virtual Machine in VirtualBox • Linux OS • Bash Programming and Scripting • Useful Utilities in Linux OS • Python Programming • How to work on CLI • How to use programming skills for automating tasks. • Different Cryptographic techniques such as Symmetric & Asymmetric Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Message Authentication Code, Hashing • Cryptographic Loopholes • Steganography techniques for hiding & extracting information • Networking Concepts such as OSI & TCP/IP Model, IP Addressing, Subnetting, Some Networking Protocols • Network Security & Wireless Security Protocols • A Little bit of Web Development • Detection, Exploitation, and Mitigation of some Web Application Vulnerabilities • Basic knowledge of some powerful & useful Tools • Different concepts related to Digital Forensics • Data Acquisition types and methods • Manual Extraction of Volatile & Non-Volatile Data from OS artifacts & Much More

A Review of the Dose Reconstruction Program of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency

A Review of the Dose Reconstruction Program of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 415
Release: 2003-09-21
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0309089026

From 1945 through 1962, the US atmospheric nuclear weapons testing program involved hundreds of thousands of military and civilian personnel, and some of them were exposed to ionizing radiation. Veterans' groups have since been concerned that their members' health was affected by radiation exposure associated with participation in nuclear tests and have pressured Congress for disability compensation. Several pieces of legislation have been passed to compensate both military and civilian personnel for such health effects. Veterans' concerns about the accuracy of reconstructed doses prompted Congress to have the General Accounting Office (GAO) review the dose reconstruction program used to estimate exposure. The GAO study concluded that dose reconstruction is a valid method of estimating radiation dose and could be used as the basis of compensation. It also recommended an independent review of the dose reconstruction program. The result of that recommendation was a congressional mandate that the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), a part of the Department of Defense, ask the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of the dose reconstruction program. In response to that request, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review the Dose Reconstruction Program of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency in the Board on Radiation Effects Research (BRER). The committee randomly selected sample records of doses that had been reconstructed by DTRA and carefully evaluated them. The committee's report describes its findings and provides responses to many of the questions that have been raised by the veterans.