Sorting and Recycling Endosomes

Sorting and Recycling Endosomes
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 450
Release: 2015-09-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128028718

Sorting and Recycling Endosomes provides the latest information on endosomes, the receiving compartment for endocytosed cargos, and the donor compartment and sorting station for cargos designated to lysosomes, Golgi, or plasma membrane. In recent years, the importance of endosomes as a sorting and recycling compartment has become increasingly appreciated. As such, scientists from various fields of cell biology, membrane traffic, and beyond, see the needs to communicate and learn about the methods used to investigate the dynamics and functions of endosomes. This book brings together specialists from the field who contribute their expertise on a broad range of biomedical topics that will provide ideal reading for researchers interested in endosomal sorting and recycling. This volume covers the approaches necessary to study the key components that mediate the generation and transport of membrane-bounded carriers from the endosomes, and how membrane trafficking machinery is coordinated with cytoskeletons during these processes. In addition to studies carried out in mammalian cells, other model systems such as worm and yeast are also included. Provides the latest information on endosomes, the receiving compartment for endocytosed cargos, and the donor compartment and sorting station for cargos designated to lysosomes, Golgi, or plasma membrane. Covers an increasingly appreciated field in cell biology Includes both established and new technologies Brings together specialists from the field who contribute their expertise on a broad range of biomedical topics that will provide ideal reading for researchers interested in endosomal sorting and recycling

Endocytic Recycling and Regulation of the Early-to-recycling Endosome Transition

Endocytic Recycling and Regulation of the Early-to-recycling Endosome Transition
Author: Ou Liu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 168
Release: 2015
Genre: Biological transport
ISBN:

Endocytic recycling is the process by which cells return internalized cargos and receptors back to plasma membrane. Efficient recycling of cargos requires ordered transport of cargos from early endosome to recycling endosome. This is mainly achieved through the coordination of small GTPase RAB-5 and RAB-10. The small GTPase RAB-5 is a master regulator of cargo sorting at the early endosome and RAB-10 is a key resident of the recycling endosome. Countercurrent cascades of GEFs and GAPs for Rab proteins have been proposed to mediate Rab conversion, a process in which early acting Rabs are inactivated by later acting Rabs. Here we demonstrate that a downstream Rab protein, RAB-10, binds to and recruits a RAB-5 GAP, TBC-2, onto endosomes to inactivate the upstream Rab, RAB-5. This process is critical for proper relay of cargos from RAB-5 controlled early endosomes to RAB-10 regulated recycling endosomes. Lack of TBC-2 disrupted RAB-5/RAB-10 interaction and caused accumulation of recycling cargo hTAC-GFP in a malfunctioned hybrid early-recycling endosome compartment. Furthermore, our study showed that this cargo transition process from early to recycling endosome also requires the concerted effort by a BAR-domain protein AMPH-1, which acts as a binding partner and a contributor to the recruitment of TBC-2 on endosomes. In addition, the C. elegans Rac1 homolog CED-10 can also bind and recruit it to endosomes. Taken together, our worked showed that RAB-10, AMPH-1 and CED-10 act in a concerted manner and recruits TBC-2 to inactivate RAB-5. These interactions are essential for early-to-recycling endosome transition and endocytic recycling. We further demonstrated here that RAB-10, recruits CNT-1, the C. elegans homolog of mammalian ACAP1 and ACAP2 (Arf6 GTPase-activating proteins) to inactivate ARF-6 and downregulate endosomal PI(4,5)P2, a key phosphoinositide in membrane traffic.

Endosomes

Endosomes
Author: Ivan Dikic
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 167
Release: 2008-05-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0387399518

Endosomes are a heterogeneous population of endocytic vesicles and tubules that have captivated the interest of biologists for many years, partly due to their important cellular functions and partly due to their intriguing nature and dynamics. Endosomes represent a fascinating interconnected network of thousands of vesicles that transport various cargoes, mainly proteins and lipids, to distant cellular destinations. How endosomes function, what co-ordinates the molecular determinants at each step of their dynamic life cycle and what their biological and medical relevance is, are among the questions addressed in this book.

The Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi Apparatus
Author: Alexander A. Mironov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 714
Release: 2009-03-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3211763104

This book summarizes all new data obtained after development of methods of Golgi complex sub fractionation, molecular biology and microscopy. It collects the full range of expertise, different points of view and different approaches. The book is devoted to molecular modes of the function of the Golgi apparatus as a whole, taking into account all experimental data. The book aims to make the functional organization of the Golgi apparatus more understandable.

Membrane Sorting in the Endocytic Pathway

Membrane Sorting in the Endocytic Pathway
Author: Valentina Mercanti
Publisher:
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

During my thesis work I studied membrane sorting in the endocytic pathway, in mammalian cells and in the amoeba "Dictyostelium discoideum". In the first part (1), I studied sorting of membrane proteins devoid of known endocytosis signals. My results show that, in addition to cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, then transmembrane regions determine whether they are excluded or not from clathrincoated pits, and thus controls their access to endosomal compartmemts. In the second part (2), I studied membrane sorting during phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. I used for this the amoeba "Dictyostelium discoideum". My results show that several plasma membrane proteins are excluded from the membrane of the newly formed phagosome. This exclusion starts in the membrane delimiting the phagocytic and the macropinocytic cups. Analysis of mutant strains revealed that clathrin-associated adaptor complexes were not necessary for this selective exclusion. In third part (3), I characterized the previously uncharacterized recycling endosomes in "Dictyostelium discoideum"

Endocytosis in Plants

Endocytosis in Plants
Author: Jozef Ĺ amaj
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2012-10-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642324622

Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process by means of which cells internalize extracellular and plasma membrane cargos for recycling or degradation. It is important for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, subcellular signaling and uptake of nutrients into specialized cells, but also for plant cell interactions with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes. Endocytosis starts by vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and progresses through early and late endosomal compartments. In these endosomes cargo is sorted and it is either recycled back to the plasma membrane, or degraded in the lytic vacuole. This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes. The book was written for a broad spectrum of readers including students, teachers and researchers.

Trafficking Inside Cells

Trafficking Inside Cells
Author: Nava Segev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 459
Release: 2010-05-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 038793877X

This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.