Sorghum Tissue Culture & Transformation

Sorghum Tissue Culture & Transformation
Author: N. Seetharama
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2004
Genre: Plant genetic transformation
ISBN: 9781578082186

Topics covered in this title include the tissue culture and genetic transformation of sorghum, examples of specific applications, transgene expression, and the deployment of transgenics in Third World agriculture.

Optimization of In-Vitro Tissue Culture and Transformation System for Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Using Immature Inflorescence

Optimization of In-Vitro Tissue Culture and Transformation System for Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Using Immature Inflorescence
Author: Logayn Abushal
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021
Genre: Callus
ISBN:

Abstract: Background: Sweet sorghum is a multi-purpose crop that can be used for human food, animal feed, and bio-fuel production. This crop is drought-tolerant and can therefore be grown in arid and semi-arid regions especially in marginal areas in Egypt. Nevertheless, production of Sweet sorghum cannot coup with the increasing demand in consumption as a food, and fuel due to a lag in scientific research regarding its genetic improvement. Therefore, genetic improvement of Sweet sorghum is innately required so that new traits of economic importance could be introduced; however, this can only be achieved through the establishment of a robust in-vitro tissue culture system. Thus, this study aimed to establish an effective regeneration system for three different Sweet sorghum cultivars namely; Rex, Sugar Drip, and Ramada, using immature inflorescence explants. Subsequently, the cultivar Sugar was selected to examine its transformation efficiency using the microprojectile bombardment technology. Methods: For callus induction media, explants from immature inflorescences of different lengths (1.5- 16 cm), were grown over a combination of 2,4-D (0, 2, 4 & 6mg/L) with kinetin (0, 0.2 & 0.5mg/L). For regeneration media, BAP was the main cytokinin implemented in the three different treatments along with either: NAA, IAA, or IAA & TDZ, whereas TDZ was employed alone in a fourth treatment. The transformation system of the cultivar Sugar Drip was also developed using immature inflorescence explants. Co-bombardment was performed using the neomycin phosphotransferase II (emnptII) gene under the control of maize ubiquitin (emUbi1) promoter. The selection of putative transgenic plants was performed using paromomycin antibiotic. Results: The best embryogenic callus induction frequency was observed in Rex (77%) on modified MS media supplemented with 4mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2mg/L kinetin after six weeks from culture. However, Ramada and Sugar Drip had their highest callus induction rates of 93 and 94%, respectively, when 6mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2mg/L kinetin was used. The addition of 1mg/L IAA + 0.5mg/L BAP + 0.1mg/L TDZ had its best outcome in terms on shoot induction, shoot/callus number, and root formation. In Sugar Drip transformation, paromomycin eliminated most the non-transgenic plants from the putative transgenic ones. Eventually, 6 out of 348 bombarded samples were found to be transgenic after PCR screening. The percentage of transformation from two independent experiments was around 1.724%. Conclusion: PCR analysis of putative transformants revealed a transformation efficiency of 1.724%. Therefore, genetic transformation using particle bombardment has shown to be a successful method for the transformation of immature Sweet sorghum inflorescences with relatively high success rates.

Establishing a Protocol for Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Gene Transformation

Establishing a Protocol for Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Gene Transformation
Author: Spencer Navrude
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN:

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the most utilized crops in the world. Not only does it provide a staple food source for arid regions of the planet, it is also important for sustaining livestock production, as well as advancements in its use in biofuels. Despite the importance of sorghum for a large swath of the world, progress for using genetic transformation to develop more useful sorghum varieties has been far outpaced by other similar cereal crops. Thus, developing and improving a protocol to reliably transform sorghum is of great interest, in which the results will be beneficial to improving agricultural use all over the world. The objective of this study was to identify results of sorghum transformation from many sources and apply successful tissue culture and transformation techniques into one successful protocol. Positive control was established before transformation to guarantee embryo regeneration prior to inoculation. Two different media types were established and analyzed for their production and quality of callus and shoot regeneration. A comparison was made on two medium types, referred to as "B" media [2,4-D for callus induction and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for regeneration] and "S" media [2,4-D/BAP for callus induction and 2,4-D/BAP/thidiazuron (TDZ) for regeneration], respectively. Although both these medium types yielded viable plants with roots and shoots, B media was selected for its successes in callus induction and shoot regeneration. Calluses induced embryos in B media yielded shoots that were larger, more distinct, and easier to separate compared to calluses on S media. Once positive control was established, two bacterial strains, EHA101 and LBA4404, containing the same vector, SbGFPTSCENH3, were evaluated for their efficacy for targeted mutagenesis of sorghum using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. LBA4404 proved to be a more effective bacterial strain than EHA101 in transforming sorghum embryos, with little to no bacterial overgrowth, and higher rates of green callus and shoot emergence. Of all embryos inoculated with Agrobacterium, five plants were fully regenerated into a viable plant on herbicide selection pressure and then acclimated in the soil. To confirm transformation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis analysis were performed. Our initial result from gel electrophoresis analysis of the five plants indicated that all five plants appeared to be transgenic. After sequencing the genome of the plants, their sequences were aligned and matched with the genomes sequenced from the CENH3 construct and the extracted plasmid. Of the five plants, three of their genomes indicated a 98 to 99% match to both the CENH3 construct and the plasmid. Upon further inspection of the chromatogram results, errors were corrected in the initial results, which showed a 100% match for these three plants. Based on these results, we can confidently say that these three plants are transgenic.

Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Sorghum and Analysis of Putative Transposable Element-induced Mutants in Sorghum

Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Sorghum and Analysis of Putative Transposable Element-induced Mutants in Sorghum
Author: C.H.S. Carvalho
Publisher:
Total Pages: 99
Release: 1999
Genre:
ISBN:

Plant biotechnology has become a powerful tool to complement the traditional methods of plants improvement. Several methodologies have been developed to identify and clone agronomically important genes to transfer genes from any living organism to plants. This work encompasses the study of two methodologies related to the identification and transferring of genes in sorghum. The first part reports the development of a protocol for sorghum transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It is demonstrated that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a feasible technique for the genetic transformation of sorghum. Sorghum transgenic plants were produced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the transformation evidenced by Southern blot analysis of To and T1 plants, detection of GUS activity, and production of T1 plants resistant to hygromycin. Immature embryos of sorghum were very sensitive to Agrobacterium, and embryo death after co-cultivation was considered the limiting step to increase the transformation efficiency. Key factors were the co-cultivation medium, the use of a genotype and an explant with good tissue culture response, and the addition of Pluronic F-68 to the inoculation medium. Sorghum transformation via Agrobacterium is still not a routine technique, but it seems to have good potential once the protocol is further refined and improved. The second part of the thesis describes the analysis of several putative transposable element-induced mutants in sorghum identified in a Candystripe population, and the identification of endogenous transposable elements in sorghum derived from the cs1 family. Lastly, a likely involvement of a transposable element in the susceptibility of Colby to Periconia circinata is dicussed.

Biolistic DNA Delivery in Plants

Biolistic DNA Delivery in Plants
Author: Sachin Rustgi
Publisher: Humana
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2021-04-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781071603581

This volume details protocols for the use of the biolistic DNA delivery method in different plant species. Chapters guide readers through non-protocol chapters that cover relevant topics of interest, a broad overview of the field, exciting modifications of the system, and reliable plant transformation procedures in different plant species. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Biolistic DNA Delivery: Methods and Protocols aims to provide a comprehensive collection of protocols to intended to be a practical guide for the novice as well as the advanced user in the field of plant genetic transformation.

Plant Tissue Culture Manual

Plant Tissue Culture Manual
Author: K. Lindsey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 120
Release: 1991
Genre: Plant cell culture
ISBN: 9780792311157

Basic techniques - cells tissue culture of model species. Tissue culture & transformation of crop species. Propagation & conservation of germplasm. Direct gene transfer & protoplast fusion. Reproductive tissues. Mutant selection.

Sorghum

Sorghum
Author: Zuo-Yu Zhao
Publisher: Humana
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2019-01-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781493990382

This book details sorghum breeding technologies, grain compounds, nutrition and digestibility, biotechnology methods, broad renewable applications and an economic study. Chapters are divided into five review chapters, five case study chapters, and nine protocol chapters providing comprehensive reviews, new study results or state-of-the-art protocols. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Sorghum: Methods and Protocols aims to provide useful information and tools to an array of readers looking to research and utilize sorghum.

Lost Crops of Africa

Lost Crops of Africa
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 405
Release: 1996-02-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309176891

Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club