Sorcery in Colonial Peru
Author | : Patricia N. Murillo-Valdez |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 220 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Magic |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Patricia N. Murillo-Valdez |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 220 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Magic |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Irene Marsha Silverblatt |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 301 |
Release | : 2021-07-13 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1400843340 |
When the Spanish arrived in Peru in 1532, men of the Inca Umpire worshipped the Sun as Father and their dead kings as ancestor heroes, while women venerated the Moon and her daughters, the Inca queens, as founders of female dynasties. In the pre-Inca period such notions of parallel descent were expressions of complementarity between men and women. Examining the interplay between gender ideologies and political hierarchy, Irene Silverblatt shows how Inca rulers used their Sun and Moon traditions as methods of controlling women and the Andean peoples the Incas conquered. She then explores the process by which the Spaniards employed European male and female imageries to establish their own rule in Peru and to make new inroads on the power of native women, particularly poor peasant women. Harassed economically and abused sexually, Andean women fought back, earning in the process the Spaniards' condemnation as "witches." Fresh from the European witch hunts that damned women for susceptibility to heresy and diabolic influence, Spanish clerics were predisposed to charge politically disruptive poor women with witchcraft. Silverblatt shows that these very accusations provided women with an ideology of rebellion and a method for defending their culture.
Author | : Claudia Brosseder |
Publisher | : University of Texas Press |
Total Pages | : 479 |
Release | : 2014-07-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0292756941 |
The role of the religious specialist in Andean cultures of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries was a complicated one, balanced between local traditions and the culture of the Spanish. In The Power of Huacas, Claudia Brosseder reconstructs the dynamic interaction between religious specialists and the colonial world that unfolded around them, considering how the discourse about religion shifted on both sides of the Spanish and Andean relationship in complex and unexpected ways. In The Power of Huacas, Brosseder examines evidence of transcultural exchange through religious history, anthropology, and cultural studies. Taking Andean religious specialists—or hechizeros (sorcerers) in colonial Spanish terminology—as a starting point, she considers the different ways in which Andeans and Spaniards thought about key cultural and religious concepts. Unlike previous studies, this important book fully outlines both sides of the colonial relationship; Brosseder uses extensive archival research in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Spain, Italy, and the United States, as well as careful analysis of archaeological and art historical objects, to present the Andean religious worldview of the period on equal footing with that of the Spanish. Throughout the colonial period, she argues, Andean religious specialists retained their own unique logic, which encompassed specific ideas about holiness, nature, sickness, and social harmony. The Power of Huacas deepens our understanding of the complexities of assimilation, showing that, within the maelstrom of transcultural exchange in the Spanish Americas, European paradigms ultimately changed more than Andean ones.
Author | : Irene Silverblatt |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 266 |
Release | : 1987 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 9780691077260 |
"The myths and cosmologies of non-Western peoples are not just histories, relating the world as it once was, nor are they pseudo-histories, justifying the world as it has come to be. Instead, they are tools of struggle: ideologies both producing and produced by the effort to create society in someone's image. On them are written the memories and hopes of forgotten people, yearning for power over their - and others' - lives. Such is Irene Silverblatt's argument as she documents religious/ideological struggle in pre- and post-conquest Peru. Heavily influenced by Marxist anthropology and by debates about the social construction of gender, she examines religious and gender ideologies in the Andes prior to the Inca conquest, during their short reign (1450-1532), and after the coming of the Spanish. Though the pre-Inca period is relatively opaque Silverblatt argues that the sexes were relatively equal. Men's and women's work, men's and women's religion each upheld a portion of the universe. Women inherited from women, worshipped female gods and directed their cults; men inherited from men, and ruled cults whose gods were male. Gender was the dominant screen through which these people viewed life - and both sides could play. The Incas shared this gender-defined worldview, but used it to justify their conquest and control. They worshipped Viracocha, whom they claimed as the an-drogynous pro-genitor of Sun and Moon, respectively the ancestors of men and women." -- from www.jstor.org (Nov. 9, 2010).
Author | : Andrew Redden |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 253 |
Release | : 2015-09-30 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1317315049 |
Uses a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the transcultural phenomenon of the devil in early modern Peru. This work demonstrates that the interaction between the Christian and the Andean worlds was far more complex than any interpretation that posits a clear dichotomy between conversion and resistance would suggest.
Author | : Nicholas Griffiths |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 355 |
Release | : 1996-01 |
Genre | : Religion |
ISBN | : 9780806128009 |
Griffiths explores in detail the conceptual framework and methods used by the Spaniards to interpret native religion. The defenders of traditional Andean religion, its native priests, were identified with a powerful figure in Spanish demonology, the sorcerer, who was understood to be a charlatan and a trickster rather than a fearful ally of Satan. The Spaniards failed to perceive, and hence to challenge, the very real powers that these religious leaders exercised as the shamans for their communities.
Author | : Irene Silverblatt |
Publisher | : Duke University Press |
Total Pages | : 324 |
Release | : 2004-10-29 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780822334170 |
DIVExplores the profound cultural transformations triggered by Spain's efforts to colonize the Andean region, and demonstrates the continuing influence of the Inquisition to the present day./div
Author | : Leo J. Garofalo |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 360 |
Release | : 2015-06-01 |
Genre | : Ethnic groups |
ISBN | : 9781845197063 |
This book reconstructs the commercial and ritual activities of daily life in multi-ethnic Andean towns to show how colonial elites and commoners marked identities and status through what they produced and consumed. In the 1600s and 1700s, markets drew together Europeans, Africans, and the indigenous as they worked out how to provide for a rapidly expanding population in new ports, administrative capitals, and mining camps. Powered by indigenous labour, silver mining fuelled Spains imperial economy; we understand less well how petty commerce and the sale of food and stimulants made it possible for this imperial system to function. Workers needed food and drink, merchants needed outlets for goods, local markets needed buyers and sellers. Drawing upon archival evidence and a re-reading of the chronicles of the colonial coca leaf debate, this book explains how economic participation worked: how women tavern keepers, black and Indian beer brewers, and people accused of selling magic created an intersection of economic and cultural forces from which sprang new colonial meanings of alcohol, stimulants, and magic. How race and ethnicity are marked and debated today in the Andes began in the 16th and 17th centuries. Status and hierarchy shaped how ethno-cultural categories were introduced by colonisers, contested in markets, and linked to consumable products. Multi-ethnic Andean markets operated as sites where plebeians and elites created the petty commerce that allowed the silver-mining economy to develop. Wills, contracts, court cases, and licensing and tax records offer evidence of this transformative encounter. Ecclesiastic investigations reveal reliance on the occult and supernatural. Piecing together this intersection of cultural, economic, and political ethno-racial categorisation opens a window into how Spanish imperial rule was constructed through imposition and contestation.
Author | : Neil L. Whitehead |
Publisher | : Duke University Press |
Total Pages | : 337 |
Release | : 2004-06-03 |
Genre | : Body, Mind & Spirit |
ISBN | : 082238583X |
In Darkness and Secrecy brings together ethnographic examinations of Amazonian assault sorcery, witchcraft, and injurious magic, or “dark shamanism.” Anthropological reflections on South American shamanism have tended to emphasize shamans’ healing powers and positive influence. This collection challenges that assumption by showing that dark shamans are, in many Amazonian cultures, quite different from shamanic healers and prophets. Assault sorcery, in particular, involves violence resulting in physical harm or even death. While highlighting the distinctiveness of such practices, In Darkness and Secrecy reveals them as no less relevant to the continuation of culture and society than curing and prophecy. The contributors suggest that the persistence of dark shamanism can be understood as a form of engagement with modernity. These essays, by leading anthropologists of South American shamanism, consider assault sorcery as it is practiced in parts of Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, and Peru. They analyze the social and political dynamics of witchcraft and sorcery and their relation to cosmology, mythology, ritual, and other forms of symbolic violence and aggression in each society studied. They also discuss the relations of witchcraft and sorcery to interethnic contact and the ways that shamanic power may be co-opted by the state. In Darkness and Secrecy includes reflections on the ethical and practical implications of ethnographic investigation of violent cultural practices. Contributors. Dominique Buchillet, Carlos Fausto, Michael Heckenberger, Elsje Lagrou, E. Jean Langdon, George Mentore, Donald Pollock, Fernando Santos-Granero, Pamela J. Stewart, Andrew Strathern, Márnio Teixeira-Pinto, Silvia Vidal, Neil L. Whitehead, Johannes Wilbert, Robin Wright
Author | : Donald Joralemon |
Publisher | : University of Utah Press |
Total Pages | : 324 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Body, Mind & Spirit |
ISBN | : 9780874806403 |
The curanderos of northern Peru, traditional healing specialists who invoke Jesus Christ and the saints with a mescaline sacrament and a shamanic rattle, are not vestigial curiosities nor are their patients rural illiterates without access to "modern medicine." Instead, many of these shamans have thriving urban practices with clients from all levels of society. Sorcery and Shamanism documents the lives and rituals of twelve curanderos, offering a perspective on their curing role and shared knowledge. Authors Donald Joralemon and Douglas Sharon also consider the therapeutic experiences of over one hundred patients, including case histories and follow-ups. They offer a broad view of the shamans' work in modern Peruvian society, particularly in connection with gender-based conflicts. The significant work goes a long way toward dispelling the stereotype of shamans as enigmatic and wise, showing them to be pragmatic curers confronting the health effects of everyday aggressions and betrayals.