1. Structures and main physical properties of aromatic heterocycles 1; 2. Reactivity of aromatic heterocycles 18; 3. synthesis of aromatic heterocycles 56; 4. Typical reactivity of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines 64; 5. Pyridines: reactions and synthesis 72; 6. Quinolines and isoquinolines: reactions and synthesis 120; 7. Typical reactivity of pyrylium and benzopyrylium ions, pyrones and benzopyrones 146; 8. Pyryliums, 2- and 4-pyrones: reactions and synthesis 148; 9. Benzopyryliums and benzopyrones: reactions and synthesis 166; 10. Typical reactivity of the diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine 185; 11. the diazines: pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine: reactions and synthesis 189; 12. Typical reactivity of pyrroles, thiophenes and furans 225; 13. Pyrroles: reactions and synthesis 229; 14. Thiophenes: reactions and synthesis 259; 15. Furans: reactions and synthesis 278; 16. Reactivity of indoles, benzo[b]thiophenes, benzo[b]furans, isoindoles, benzo[c]thiophenes and isobenzofurans 301; 17. Indoles: reactions and synthesis 305; 18. Benzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]furans: reactions and synthesis 350; 19. Isoindoles, benzo[c]thiophenes and isobenzofurans: reactions and synthesis 360; 20. Typical reactivity of 1,3- and 1,2-azoles 367; 21. 1,3-Azoles: imidazoles, thiazoles, and oxazoles: reactions and synthesis 370; 22. 1,2-Azoles: pyrazoles, isothiazoles and isoxazoles: reactions and synthesis 394; 23. Purines: reactions and synthesis 409; 24. Heterocycles containing a ring-junction nitrogen 434; 25. Heterocycles containing more than two hetero atoms 447; 26. Saturated and partially unsaturated heterocyclic compounds: reactions and synthesis 463; 27. Appendix: answers to exercises 479.