Solid Set Canopy Delivery System Customized for High-density Apple Orchards and Vineyards in the State of Washington

Solid Set Canopy Delivery System Customized for High-density Apple Orchards and Vineyards in the State of Washington
Author: Rajeev Ranjan Sinha
Publisher:
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2019
Genre: Pesticides
ISBN:

Solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) are envisioned as viable alternatives to conventional spraying techniques like an axial-fan airblast sprayer in tree-fruit orchards and vineyards. While SSCDS may reduce the amount of spray drift, exposure to pesticides, carbon footprint and drive-row compaction, it needs field scale optimization in terms of emitter selection, placement and scalability. Therefore, the overall goal of this research was to customize SSCDS in model perennial specialty crops grown in the state of Washington.Different SSCDS configurations were developed using off-the-shelf emitters for a high-density tall spindle trained apple orchard and a modified vertical shoot position trained vineyard. Suitable emitter types and their within canopy placement were identified through analyzing spray performance at different canopy locations. Field spray trials indicated the requirement of emitters at multiple canopy locations for adequate spray deposition and coverage. Moreover, hollow-cone emitters facilitated spray penetration into the foliage. The optimized SSCDS provided comparable spray deposition to that of an airblast sprayer in grapevines with significantly reduced off-target drift.A pneumatic spray delivery (PSD) system was developed to address the issue of non-uniform spray application pertinent to conventional hydraulic spray delivery (HSD) based SSCDS. A reservoir sub-system was developed and integrated with the HSD to have precisely metered spray material at each of the spray locations. While the drop in operating pressure was similar in both the systems, the PSD system had uniform spray output throughout the spray row length. Such design resulted in consistently higher spray deposition and coverage at different canopy locations in a high-density apple orchard.A rapid estimation method of tree-row-volume (TRV), leaf-wall-area (LWA), canopy volume (CV) and canopy cover (CC) was developed based on unmanned aerial system (UAS) acquired aerial imagery data. Precise estimation of TRV and LWA (R2 > 0.75) was achieved. Moreover, CV and CC estimates were significantly correlated to the ground measurements (p

Fruitful Legacy

Fruitful Legacy
Author: Susan Dolan
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2009
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780160821271

Backpacker

Backpacker
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 140
Release: 2007-09
Genre:
ISBN:

Backpacker brings the outdoors straight to the reader's doorstep, inspiring and enabling them to go more places and enjoy nature more often. The authority on active adventure, Backpacker is the world's first GPS-enabled magazine, and the only magazine whose editors personally test the hiking trails, camping gear, and survival tips they publish. Backpacker's Editors' Choice Awards, an industry honor recognizing design, feature and product innovation, has become the gold standard against which all other outdoor-industry awards are measured.

Importing Into the United States

Importing Into the United States
Author: U. S. Customs and Border Protection
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015-10-12
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9781304100061

Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.

Ecological Regions of North America

Ecological Regions of North America
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 92
Release: 1997
Genre: Biogeography
ISBN:

This volume represents a first attempt at holistically classifying and mapping ecological regions across all three countries of the North American continent. A common analytical methodology is used to examine North American ecology at multiple scales, from large continental ecosystems to subdivisions of these that correlate more detailed physical and biological settings with human activities on two levels of successively smaller units. The volume begins with an overview of North America from an ecological perspective, concepts of ecological regionalization. This is followed by descriptions of the 15 broad ecological regions, including information on physical and biological setting and human activities. The final section presents case studies in applications of the ecological characterization methodology to environmental issues. The appendix includes a list of common and scientific names of selected species characteristic of the ecological regions.

Postharvest Handling

Postharvest Handling
Author: Nigel H. Banks
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 637
Release: 2009-02-21
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0080920780

Consideration of the interactions between decisions made at one point in the supply chain and its effects on the subsequent stages is the core concept of a systems approach. Postharvest Handling is unique in its application of this systems approach to the handling of fruits and vegetables, exploring multiple aspects of this important process through chapters written by experts from a variety of backgrounds. Newly updated and revised, this second edition includes coverage of the logistics of fresh produce from multiple perspectives, postharvest handing under varying weather conditions, quality control, changes in consumer eating habits and other factors key to successful postharvest handling. The ideal book for understanding the economic as well as physical impacts of postharvest handling decisions. Key Features: *Features contributions from leading experts providing a variety of perspectives *Updated with 12 new chapters *Focuses on application-based information for practical implementation *System approach is unique in the handling of fruits and vegetables

Learning QGIS 2.0

Learning QGIS 2.0
Author: Anita Graser
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Total Pages: 151
Release: 2013-09-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 178328000X

A short book with a lot of hands-on examples to help you learn in a practical way.This book is great for users, developers, and consultants who know the basic functions and processes of a GIS but want to know how to use QGIS to achieve the results they are used to a full-fledged GIS.