This report was initially prepared to place special emphasis on the relative importance of the Indian land and people resources in the Northern Great Plains and to show some of the impacts on these Indian resources associated with coal development. This report draws heavily on studies developed for the Crow Reservation because it is the only one on which substantive coal activity is taking place and the coal resource on the reservation is reasonably well inventoried. This study of anticipated socio-economic effects can be conceptually applied to other reservations anticipating large-scale mineral development. Situations will no doubt be different but the socio-economic impacts are likely to be remarkably similar.