Size And Rate Effects On The Fracture Of Sea Ice
Download Size And Rate Effects On The Fracture Of Sea Ice full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Size And Rate Effects On The Fracture Of Sea Ice ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 91 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This report contains the details of the experimental study as well as the theory applied to study the rate and size effect on the fracture of sea ice. To study the fracture of ice, experiments were carried out on a semi-circular bend fracture geometry. The test program formed a lab scale study to complement the in-situ large-scale sea ice fracture tests. The ice used was shipped back in the form of cores from the arctic tests. Two directions of fracture, parallel to the c-axis (optical axis) and perpendicular to the c-axis are studied. To examine the rate effect, a Reversed Direct Stress (RDS) device was modified to suit rectangular shaped test specimens. The details of modifications are given. Ice samples were subjected to creep-recovery loading and allowed to recover. The resultant time dependent deformations were analyzed using nonlinear viscoelastic theory. Experimental results as well as the details of the nonlinear viscoelastic models are given.
Author | : Wilford Frank Weeks |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 92 |
Release | : 1969 |
Genre | : Fracture mechanics |
ISBN | : |
The increased activity in cold regions has made a thorough understanding of fracture in lake and sea ice quite desirable, inasmuch as this information has application to a number of problems of geophysical as well as engineering importance. This survey starts with a discussion of the structure of ice I and the macro- and microstructure of sea and lake ice as well as their chemistry and phase relations. Recent work on the direct observation of dislocations as well as the formation of cracks in ice is summarized. Formal ice-brine-air models for analyzing variations in ice strength are also reviewed. The results of the different types of tests are discussed and compared (compressive, indentation, direct and ring-tension, small beam flexure and in situ cantilevers and simple beams, shear, and impact). Scale effects are considered as well as the rapid strength deterioration experienced by ice sheets in the spring. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning future research in this field. (Author).
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 129 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This report contains details of laboratory and field scale studies carried out to study fracture of sea ice. The field scale studies were carried out in six field trips on in-situ arctic sea ice. Lab scale studies were carried out on the samples obtained from cores taken from the sea ice during the field trips. The details of the experimental method and portable loading system specifically designed for these tests are given. The first two field trips are analyzed to reveal the size effect on the fracture of S1 freshwater and S2 sea ice. The analysis is carried out using size effect laws. To analyze the creep-recovery and cyclic loading experiment, a model based on the nonlinear theory of viscoelasticity is proposed. It is shown that the model is capable of predicting the load-deformation paths under simple loading histories.
Author | : Zdenek P. Bazant |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 640 |
Release | : 2019-03-04 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1351447297 |
Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials is the first in-depth text on the application of fracture mechanics to the analysis of failure in concrete structures. The book synthesizes a vast number of recent research results in the literature to provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic that does not give merely the facts - it provides true understanding. The many recent results on quasibrittle fracture and size effect, which were scattered throughout many periodicals, are compiled here in a single volume. This book presents a well-rounded discussion of the theory of size effect and scaling of failure loads in structures. The size effect, which is the most important practical manifestation of fracture behavior, has become a hot topic. It has gained prominence in current research on concrete and quasibrittle materials. The treatment of every subject in Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials proceeds from simple to complex, from specialized to general, and is as concise as possible using the simplest level of mathematics necessary to treat the subject clearly and accurately. Whether you are an engineering student or a practicing engineer, this book provides you with a clear presentation, including full derivations and examples, from which you can gain real understanding of fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 19 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This report contains the details of the experimental program on large-scale in-situ arctic sea ice tests. A total of six field trips were completed. The experiments conducted included flexure tests, fracture tests as well as tests where the ice specimen was subjected to cyclic and creep-recovery type loading. A maximum size range ratio of 1 to 160 was accomplished in fracture tests specifically to study the effect of variation in size. About six different geometries, (3 point bend, cantilever beam, griffith crack geometry, reverse taper geometry, square plate geometry, and rectangular plate geometry) were utilized to study the effect of geometry on tensile fracture. Since the field trips occurred in three seasons, seasonal variations in ice properties including sea ice thickness variation were studied. The ice types were S1 freshwater ice, S2 freshwater ice, S2 sea ice, thin lead ice and multiyear sea ice.
Author | : Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1971 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Malcolm Mellor |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 120 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : Elastic properties |
ISBN | : |
The first part of the report provides an introduction to the mechanics of deformable solids, covering the basic ideas of stress and strain, rheology, equilibrium equations, strain/displacement relations, constitutive equations, and failure criteria. Fracture mechanics and fracture toughness are also reviewed briefly. The second part summarizes available data on the mechanical properties of freshwater ice and saline ice, accounting for the influences of strain rate and loading rate, temperature, porosity, salinity, and grain size. Boundary value problems are not dealt with, but there is discussion of some miscellaneous topics, including thermal strains, behavior of brash ice, and pressure ridges. The report was written as a study text for a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Sea/Ice/Air Interactions, and was intended to be used in conjunction with companion texts on related topics. This report was written during the summer of 1981, and thus does not cover all results which appeared after the end of 1981.
Author | : Jerome Weiss |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 95 |
Release | : 2013-03-14 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 940076202X |
Sea ice is a major component of polar environments, especially in the Arctic where it covers the entire Arctic Ocean throughout most of the year. However, in the context of climate change, the Arctic sea ice cover has been declining significantly over the last decades, either in terms of its concentration or thickness. The sea ice cover evolution and climate change are strongly coupled through the albedo positive feedback, thus possibly explaining the Arctic amplification of climate warming. In addition to thermodynamics, sea ice kinematics (drift, deformation) appears as an essential factor in the evolution of the ice cover through a reduction of the average ice age (and consequently of the cover's thickness), or ice export out of the Arctic. This is a first motivation for a better understanding of the kinematical and mechanical processes of sea ice. A more upstream, theoretical motivation is a better understanding of the brittle deformation of geophysical objects across a wide range of scales. Indeed, owing to its very strong kinematics, compared e.g. to the Earth’s crust, an unrivaled kinematical data set is available for sea ice from in situ (e.g. drifting buoys) or satellite observations. Here, we review the recent advances in the understanding of sea ice drift, deformation and fracturing obtained from these data. We focus particularly on the scaling properties in time and scale that characterize these processes, and we emphasize the analogies that can be drawn from the deformation of the Earth’s crust. These scaling properties, which are the signature of long-range elastic interactions within the cover, constrain future developments in the modeling of sea ice mechanics. We also show that kinematical and rheological variables such as average velocity, average strain-rate or strength have significantly changed over the last decades, accompanying and actually accelerating the Arctic sea ice decline.
Author | : Erland M. Schulson |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 403 |
Release | : 2009-04-30 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0521806208 |
The first complete account of the physics of the creep and fracture of ice, for graduates, engineers and scientists.
Author | : Stephen J. Jones |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 724 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3642841007 |
IUTAM-IAHR Symposium on Ice-Structure Interaction Professor Bez Tabarrok, Chairman of the Canadian National Committee (CNC) of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) invited Professor Derek Muggeridge to organize a symposium on ice structure interaction. Dr. Muggeridge readily agreed and prepared a proposal that was endorsed by the CNC and presented to the General Assembly Meeting of IUTAM for their consideration. This Assembly gave its approval and provided the local organizing committee with the names of individuals who were willing to serve on the Scientific Committee. Dr. Muggeridge became chairman of this committee and Dr. Ian Jordaan became co-chairman of this committee as well as chairman of the local organizing committee. The symposium followed the very successful previous meeting, chaired by Professor P. Tryde in Copenhagen, by ten years. Both symposia uti lized Springer-Verlag to publish their proceedings. The Faculty of En gineering and Applied Science at Memorial University of Newfoundland were particul{lXly pleased to host this prestigious symposium as it marked the twentieth anniversary of its Ocean Engineering Research Centre.