Simulation Study Of Polymer Microgel Conformance Treatments
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| Author | : Mazen Ramzi Abdulbaki |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Significant quantities of hydrocarbon are bypassed during conventional waterfloods. This is the direct result of fluid channeling through high permeability zones within the reservoir. Conformance control offers a mean of increasing vertical and areal sweep efficiency, thus decreasing the amount of hydrocarbon bypassed. This, in turn, results in increased hydrocarbon production, decreased water cut, and field life extension. This thesis focuses on the use of polymer microgels as a relatively novel conformance control agent. Polymer-microgel-enhanced waterflooding tackles fluid channeling by "plugging" high permeability channels, or thief zones, and diverting trailing flooding fluid to adjacent poorly swept areas of the reservoir. The first major objective of this thesis was to provide an extensive literature survey on polymer microgel technology, which can serve as the go-to reference on this topic. Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDGs), Preformed Particle Gels (PPGs), temperature-sensitive polymer microgels (Bright Water), and pH-sensitive polymer microgels are all discussed in detail, and an attempt is made to highlight the potential mechanisms by which they plug thief zones and improve oil recovery. This thesis then outlines the results of simulating numerous polymer microgel floods, ranging from experimental cases to field cases. Specifically, Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDGs) were chosen for the simulations undergone. All simulations were run using UTGEL, a newly developed in-house simulator designed exclusively for the simulation of polymer, gel, and microgel floods. The simulations performed provide insight on the polymer microgel flooding process, and also served as a means of validating UTGEL's polymer microgel (CDG) models. The development of the UTGEL simulator was important as it enables the optimization of polymer microgel floods for maximized hydrocarbon recovery efficiency. The results of a simulation study, using a synthetic field case, are also outlined. This sensitivity study provides additional insight on optimal operational conditions for polymer microgel technology. More specifically, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of microgel flooding treatments in layered reservoirs of varying permeability contrasts, vertical-to-horizontal permeability ratios, and under a variety of different injection concentrations.
| Author | : Ulan Onbergenov |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 234 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
A waterflood has been used as a secondary recovery process to maintain the reservoir pressure and displace the oil towards the producer. However, the existence of high-permeability zones (thief zones) can cause early water breakthrough and excessive water production, thus, leaving a significant amount of oil bypassed in heterogeneous reservoirs. In this work, thermally active (Bright Water®) and pH-sensitive polymers have been proposed as an in-depth conformance tool with detailed simulation studies. Thermally active polymers are triggered by temperature change, whereas pH-sensitive polymers are triggered by pH change. Upon activation, polymers provide high resistance to subsequent fluid flow and divert the flow into adjacent unswept zones. As a result, this leads to improved sweep efficiency, low oil-water-ratio, and incremental oil recovery. The modeling of a pH-sensitive polymer was based on the principles of the microgel modeling procedure developed by Huh et al. (2005). In addition, a modified model was developed to calculate equilibrium swelling ratio explicitly in terms of pH and ionic strength of solution instead of using a root-finding algorithm. Thermal active polymers were modeled in terms of gelation reaction, gel viscosity, gel adsorption, and permeability reduction factor. Thermally active and pH-sensitive polymers were coupled with UTGEL reservoir simulator in an attempt to assess applicability of these gels as a conformance tool. Sensitivity analysis studies were conducted through 3D synthetic models to investigate technical feasibility of thermally active and pH-sensitive polymers as an in-depth conformance tool. Results indicated that incremental oil recovery and conformance control depend on the polymer concentration, slug size, permeability contrast between matrix and thief zone, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio (kv/kh), treatment location, oil-to-water viscosity ratio, and adsorption level, among others. It is concluded in this study that the permeability contrast between matrix and thief zones appears to be one of the most important parameters that impacts treatment performance. Therefore, a high permeability contrast is a prerequisite to achieve technically and economically successful treatment.
| Author | : Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh |
| Publisher | : Gulf Professional Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 510 |
| Release | : 2021-11-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128219327 |
Chemical Methods, a new release in the Enhanced Oil Recovery series, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in one fast-growing area. Different techniques are described in addition to the latest technologies in data mining and hybrid processes. Beginning with an introduction to chemical concepts and polymer flooding, the book then focuses on more complex content, guiding readers into newer topics involving smart water injection and ionic liquids for EOR. Supported field case studies illustrate a bridge between research and practical application, thus making the book useful for academics and practicing engineers. This series delivers a multi-volume approach that addresses the latest research on various types of EOR. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future of energy. Presents the latest research and practical applications specific to chemical enhanced oil recovery methods Helps users understand new research on available technology, including chemical flooding specific to unconventional reservoirs and hybrid chemical options Includes additional methods, such as data mining applications and economic and environmental considerations
| Author | : Patrizio Raffa |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
| Total Pages | : 277 |
| Release | : 2019-07-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3110640430 |
This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
| Author | : Fuyong Wang |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 2023-07-05 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 2832528872 |
| Author | : Amos Nussinovitch |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2010-09-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1441966188 |
Beads made from Egyptian faience have been excavated from grave deposits (c. 4000–3100 BC), together with beads of glazed steatite (a soft rock) and of se- precious stones such as turquoise, carnelian, quartz, and lapis lazuli. Information on these and many more ancient beads used for ornaments and jewelry, ritual ceremonies, as art artifacts and gifts for amorous women throughout history, and descriptions of the raw materials (e. g. , glass, bone, precious and other stones) and manufacturing technologies used for their production can be located in many references. Many books are devoted to the description of beads that are not of water-soluble polymer origin, techniques for their production, their art, value, and distribution, re?ecting the wealth of information existing in this ?eld of science and art. On the other hand, there are no books fully devoted to the fascinating topic of hydrocolloid (polymeric) beads and their unique applications. A few books c- tain scattered chapters and details on such topics, while emphasizing the possibility of locating fragments of information elsewhere; however, again, there is no book that is solely devoted to hydrocolloid beads and their versatile applications. In the meantime, the use of water-soluble hydrocolloid beads is on the rise in many ?elds, making a book that covers both past and novel applications of such beads, as well as their properties and ways in which to manipulate them, crucial.
| Author | : Ololade Olatunji |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 372 |
| Release | : 2015-12-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319264141 |
This book introduces the most recent innovations in natural polymer applications in the food, construction, electronics, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and engineering industries. The authors provide perspectives from their respective range of industries covering classification, extraction, modification, and application of natural polymers from various sources in nature. They discuss the techniques used in analysis of natural polymers in various systems incorporating natural polymers as well as their intrinsic properties.
| Author | : Laura Romero-Zerón |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2016-10-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9535127004 |
Commercial application of chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. Thus, Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR): A Practical Overview offers key knowledge and understanding of cEOR processes using an evidence-based approach intended for a broad audience ranging from field operators, researchers, to reservoir engineers dealing with the development and planning of cEOR field applications. This book is structured into three sections; the first section surveys overall EOR processes. The second section focuses on cEOR processes, while the final section describes the electrorheology technology. These sections are presented using a practical and realistic approach tailored for readers looking to improve their knowledge and understanding of cEOR processes in a nutshell.
| Author | : Wolfgang Schärtl |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 200 |
| Release | : 2007-08-13 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3540719512 |
Light scattering is a very powerful method for characterizing the structure of polymers and nanoparticles in solution. As part of the Springer Laboratory series, this book provides a simple-to-read and illustrative textbook probing the seemingly very complicated topic of light scattering from polymers and nanoparticles in dilute solution, and goes further to cover some of the latest technical developments in experimental light scattering.
| Author | : Brent Vernon |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 425 |
| Release | : 2011-01-24 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0857091379 |
Novel injectable materials for non-invasive surgical procedures are becoming increasingly popular. An advantage of these materials include easy deliverability into the body, however the suitability of their mechanical properties must also be carefully considered. Injectable biomaterials covers the materials, properties and biomedical applications of injectable materials, as well as novel developments in the technology.Part one focuses on materials and properties, with chapters covering the design of injectable biomaterials as well as their rheological properties and the mechanical properties of injectable polymers and composites. Part two covers the clinical applications of injectable biomaterials, including chapters on drug delivery, tissue engineering and orthopaedic applications as well as injectable materials for gene delivery systems. In part three, existing and developing technologies are discussed. Chapters in this part cover such topics as environmentally responsive biomaterials, injectable nanotechnology, injectable biodegradable materials and biocompatibility. There are also chapters focusing on troubleshooting and potential future applications of injectable biomaterials.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Injectable biomaterials is a standard reference for materials scientists and researchers working in the biomaterials industry, as well as those with an academic interest in the subject. It will also be beneficial to clinicians. Comprehensively examines the materials, properties and biomedical applications of injectable materials, as well as novel developments in the technology Reviews the design of injectable biomaterials as well as their rheological properties and the mechanical properties of injectable polymers and composites Explores clinical applications of injectable biomaterials, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, orthopaedic applications and injectable materials for gene delivery systems
