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| Author | : H.-D. Behnke |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 311 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642744451 |
This detailed overview of the structure of the sieve elements of the major plant groups, from algae to flowering plants, includes extant and extinct groups, revealing both common and divergent solutions to the problem of long-distance assimilate transport.
| Author | : Ray F. Evert |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 623 |
| Release | : 2006-08-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0470047372 |
This revision of the now classic Plant Anatomy offers a completely updated review of the structure, function, and development of meristems, cells, and tissues of the plant body. The text follows a logical structure-based organization. Beginning with a general overview, chapters then cover the protoplast, cell wall, and meristems, through to phloem, periderm, and secretory structures. "There are few more iconic texts in botany than Esau’s Plant Anatomy... this 3rd edition is a very worthy successor to previous editions..." ANNALS OF BOTANY, June 2007
| Author | : S. Aronoff |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 631 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1468486586 |
Ten years ago, at the International Botanical Congress in Edinburgh, a group of us from various countries discussed the difficulty of pursuing academic problems in depth at such meetings. In particular, we were discouraged at the poverty of time for phloem transport. From long association, we were conscious of the extraordinary breadth of the problem, from developmental through anatomical, to biophysical and physiological. Only by a reasonable understanding of all these components could one hope to come to some kind of understanding. We decided to establish common plant material so that data would have a common source. Similarly, we resolved to exchange information by circulating pre-publication manuscripts. For awhile, after the meeting was a pleasant memory, the plan seemed to be working; but, as is so often the case, human infirmities and foibles played early and, subsequently, predominant roles. Some became administrators (a punishment for good behaviour); others concentrated on alternative rings in their academic circuses. The next Congress (in Seattle) proved similar to its predecessor in its neglect and, consequently, succor was sought elsewhere. A little known, but remarkably understanding group becoming visible was the Science Committee and the Division of Scientific Affairs of N. A. T. O. Its sponsorship of Advanced Study Institutes including phytochemistry and phytophysics, was unusual both in the generosity of its funding and in the requirements for academic quality.
| Author | : Daniel Leroy Mullendore |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781267671424 |
The distribution of photosynthetically derived assimilates through plants occurs in specialized cells called sieve elements that are connected to each other forming a microfluidic system within the plant. Sieve elements were discovered over 150 years ago, however their in vivo structure and complete assimilate transport properties eludes clarification. Microscopic investigation of sieve elements requires tissue manipulations that disrupt the natural state of translocating sieve elements resulting in interpretations of sieve element ultrastructure. Construed sieve element structures accommodate the osmotic pressure flow hypothesis. Assimilates are postulated to passively flow through sieve elements as a result of osmotically generated pressure differences from source to sink. The assimilate stream characteristics are considered to adhere to physical parameters of the sieve element geometry. For this theory to hold the sieve elements must be free major of obstructions. Presented below is a five year compilation on the investigations on sieve element structure and how the structure may relate to function. Cell wall geometries of the sieve elements were investigated with newly developed microscopy methods and the geometries were compared to phloem flow, implicating that phloem flow may not adhere to the dogma of osmotic pressure flow hypothesis. Sieve element occlusion mechanisms were also reviewed and investigated. Sieve element occlusion related proteins were investigated by means of newly developed microscopic methodologies. One new microscopic method demonstrates unprecedented preservation of sieve element ultrastructure that has never been witnessed.
| Author | : M.H. Zimmermann |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 548 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642661610 |
When WILHELM RUHLAND developed his plan for an Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol ogy more than three decades ago, biology could still be conveniently subdivided into classical areas. Even within plant physiology, subdivisions were not too difficult to make, and general principles could be covered sufficiently in the two introductory volumes of the Encyclopedia on the physical and chemical basis of cell biology. But the situation changed rapidly even during the 12-year publication period of the Encyclopedia (1955-1967). The new molecular direction of genetics and structural research on biopolymers had an integrating effect on all other biological fields, including plant physiology, and it became increasingly difficult to keep previously distinct areas separated. RUHLAND'S overall plan included 18 volumes and about 22,000 pages. It covered the entire field of plant physiology, in most cases from the very beginning. But, as each volume appeared, it was clear that its content would soon be outdated.
| Author | : Yan Liu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 155 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Sieve elements |
| ISBN | : |
The phloem in vascular plants transports photoassimilates and other macromolecules from source organs to distant sink organs for growth, storage and development. Mature sieve elements, which are the transporting cells, are void of major organelles, such as nuclei and vacuoles. The unobstructed sieve elements allow the rapid, long distance transport of photosynthates at a low resistance. Despite the essential role of phloem in plants, little is known about the function of the remaining sieve element components, such as the structural phloem proteins (P-proteins), sieve element plastids, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. The work presented in this dissertation is a compilation on the investigations of sieve element components. One of the few sieve element organelles with known function are forisomes, which are spindle-shaped P-protein bodies present exclusively in Fabaceae species. Forisomes are capable of occluding sieve tubes due to their unique, reversible Ca2+-dependent but ATP- independent contractility. Using bioinformatic tools and site-directed mutagenesis, we studied the structure and function of the forisome-like bodies in yeast, and more importantly, identified three aspartate residues critical for Ca2+-responsiveness, and two more that were required for forisome-like bodies assembly (Chapter Three). We have investigated non-dispersive P-protein bodies in Populus trichocarpa, the homologous proteins of forisomes, to evaluate if they have a similar function. The non-dispersive P-protein bodies have been characterized at a molecular level and we found that the P-protein bodies in P. trichocarpa did not respond to wound of the sieve tube or Ca2+ (Chapter Two). In addition, to investigate other components in sieve elements, we have developed a novel methodology to isolate intact sieve elements in Nicotiana tabacum and performed proteomics analysis. We discovered three novel sieve element specific proteins that are likely localized in a new, undescribed compartment in sieve elements (Chapter Four).
| Author | : Fritz H. Schweingruber |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : 2018-06-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319735241 |
This unique and attractive open access textbook combines the beauty of macroscopic pictures of plant stems with the corresponding colorfully stained images of anatomical micro-structures. In contrast to most botanical textbooks, it presents all the stem characteristics as photographs and shows the microscopic reality. The amount of text is reduced to a minimum, and the scientific information is highlighted with short legends and labeled photographs, allowing readers to focus on the pictures to easily understand how the anatomical structures relate to genetic, ecological, decomposition and technical influences. It includes a chapter devoted to simple anatomical preparation techniques, and further chapters showing the cell content, cell walls, meristematic tissues and stem structures of all major taxonomic units and morphological growth forms in various ecological and climatic regions from subarctic to equatorial latitudes, as well as structures of fossil, subfossil and technically altered wood. This textbook appeals to students and researchers in the fields of plant anatomy, taxonomy, ecology, dendrochronology, history, plant pathology, and evolutionary biology as well as to technologists.
| Author | : B.E.S. Gunning |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 390 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642662943 |
This Volume attempts to summarise and integrate a field of study in its entirety: the nature of plasmodesmata, and the part these inter cellular connections play in the life of the plant. Except in the all embracing early reviews of the pre-electron microscope era, there has been a tendency for the subject to be approached from disparate points of view: plant physiologists, developmental biologists, biophysicists, virologists and cytologists all contributing to the corpus of knowledge, but often without a full appreciation of each others' goals and probl ems, and sometimes misinterpreting each others' findings. In June 1975 a group of about 40 specialists in these various disciplines, all with a common interest in intercellular communication in plants, met for two days, presented papers, talked, argued, and in general pooled their know ledge. Out of a synthesis of manuscripts and discussions there has emerged, by an editorial process of elimination of unnecessary dupli cation and insertions to ensure completeness of coverage, the present book - not so much a straight record of a conference, as a Monograph based on the proceedings. All of the Chapters are reviews and most include hitherto unpublished data or theoretical treatments.
| Author | : Simone Badal McCreath |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 849 |
| Release | : 2023-10-13 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0443186588 |
Pharmacognosy: Fundamentals, Applications and Strategies, Second Edition represents a comprehensive compilation of the philosophical, scientific and technological aspects of contemporary pharmacognosy. The book examines the impact of the advanced techniques of pharmacognosy on improving the quality, safety and effectiveness of traditional medicines, and how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have a crucial role to play in discerning the relationships of active metabolites to bioavailability and function at the active sites, as well as the metabolism of plant constituents. Structured in seven parts, the book covers the foundational aspects of Pharmacognosy, the chemistry of plant metabolites, their effects, other sources of metabolites, crude drugs from animals, basic animal anatomy and physiology, technological applications and biotechnology, and the current trends in research. New to this edition is a chapter on plant metabolites and SARS-Cov-2, extensive updates on existing chapters and the development of a Laboratory Guide to support instructors execute practical activities on the laboratory setting. Covers the main sources of natural bioactive substances Contains practice questions and laboratory exercises at the end of every chapter to test learning and retention Describes how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics play a crucial role in discerning the relationships of active metabolites to bioavailability and function at active sites Includes a dedicated chapter on the effect of plant metabolites on SARS-CoV-2
| Author | : Anthony W. D. Larkum |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 691 |
| Release | : 2007-05-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1402029837 |
Seagrasses are unique plants; the only group of flowering plants to recolonise the sea. They occur on every continental margin, except Antarctica, and form ecosystems which have important roles in fisheries, fish nursery grounds, prawn fisheries, habitat diversity and sediment stabilisation. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research and information on all aspects of seagrass biology. However the compilation of all this work into one book has not been attempted previously. In this book experts in 26 areas of seagrass biology present their work in chapters which are state-of–the-art and designed to be useful to students and researchers alike. The book not only focuses on what has been discovered but what exciting areas are left to discover. The book is divided into sections on taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, ecology, physiology, fisheries, management, conservation and landscape ecology. It is destined to become the chosen text on seagrasses for any marine biology course.
