Sedentary Behavior and Health

Sedentary Behavior and Health
Author: Weimo Zhu
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Total Pages: 456
Release: 2017-03-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1492586463

From office jobs and long commutes to passive entertainment like television and video games, humans are sitting more than ever. Though lack of exercise has major health consequences, researchers are now examining the additional and widespread health risk of the simple act of sitting for extended periods. With research from leading scientists, Sedentary Behavior and Health: Concepts, Assessments, and Interventions presents evidence on sedentary behavior, its apparent health risks, and suggestions on measuring and altering this behavior. The highly respected international author team provides an interdisciplinary review of current research, examining scientific, public health, and broader social questions about the implications of sedentary behavior. These topics include humans’ physiological predispositions, exacerbation of current health conditions like obesity and diabetes, and the design and ergonomics of offices and chairs. To examine the many facets of this developing area of study, Sedentary Behavior and Health is divided into five parts: • “Sedentary Behavior Concepts and Context” reviews the physiology of sedentary behavior, investigating current habits from the perspectives of evolution, industrial engineering, and design. • “Sedentary Behavior and Health” explores the relationship between sedentary behavior and several major chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and low-back pain. • “Measuring and Analyzing Sedentary Behavior” explains research methods for understanding and measuring sedentary behavior in order to recognize patterns and design interventions. • “Sedentary Behavior and Subpopulations” covers issues, risks, and behaviors in groups such as children, working adults, older adults, and minorities. • “Changing Sedentary Behavior” provides methods and recommendations for improvement with environmental, social, community, worksite, and technology-based interventions. Included in this groundbreaking text are learning objectives, key concepts, and study questions to focus attention on key issues and reinforce concepts. Reviews of the literature in the field are presented, many with comparisons in table form, to provide the full scope of research. Sidebars throughout the text apply theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios. Inactivity is mismatched with many aspects of humans’ genetic makeup. While it is becoming the new norm, the consequences of this behavior are emerging as a public health threat. Sedentary Behavior and Health will serve as a key reference for the rapidly emerging research area of sedentary behavior.

Three Facets of Public Health and Paths to Improvements

Three Facets of Public Health and Paths to Improvements
Author: Beth Ann Fiedler
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 530
Release: 2020-06-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128190086

Three Facets of Public Health and Paths to Improvements provides an overview on how specific indicators like the environment, culture and behavior play a role in developing improved outcomes for public health in local, regional, national and global health policy and concerns. Divided into three sections, the book examines the impact of the environment and social determinants on public health. It also illustrates the interrelation of these facets as predictors of public health, explores their institutional, organizational and individual impacts, and considers the way multiple stakeholders must engage to improve conditions that impact health. The book utilizes various research methods, including fundamental, systematics, qualitative and quantitative. Readers can use the information to inform future research and better understand an existing health problem and outcomes. Offers a multisectoral (MSA) approach to understanding environmental, behavioral and social facets of public health Includes an expert analysis (e.g., qualitative, quantitative) approach in relation to policy and existing problems Combines an analytic approach with educational presentation to engage diverse readership

The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics

The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics
Author: Anna C. Mastroianni
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 992
Release: 2019-07-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0190245212

Natural disasters and cholera outbreaks. Ebola, SARS, and concerns over pandemic flu. HIV and AIDS. E. coli outbreaks from contaminated produce and fast foods. Threats of bioterrorism. Contamination of compounded drugs. Vaccination refusals and outbreaks of preventable diseases. These are just some of the headlines from the last 30-plus years highlighting the essential roles and responsibilities of public health, all of which come with ethical issues and the responsibilities they create. Public health has achieved extraordinary successes. And yet these successes also bring with them ethical tension. Not all public health successes are equally distributed in the population; extraordinary health disparities between rich and poor still exist. The most successful public health programs sometimes rely on policies that, while improving public health conditions, also limit individual rights. Public health practitioners and policymakers face these and other questions of ethics routinely in their work, and they must navigate their sometimes competing responsibilities to the health of the public with other important societal values such as privacy, autonomy, and prevailing cultural norms. This Oxford Handbook provides a sweeping and comprehensive review of the current state of public health ethics, addressing these and numerous other questions. Taking account of the wide range of topics under the umbrella of public health and the ethical issues raised by them, this volume is organized into fifteen sections. It begins with two sections that discuss the conceptual foundations, ethical tensions, and ethical frameworks of and for public health and how public health does its work. The thirteen sections that follow examine the application of public health ethics considerations and approaches across a broad range of public health topics. While chapters are organized into topical sections, each chapter is designed to serve as a standalone contribution. The book includes 73 chapters covering many topics from varying perspectives, a recognition of the diversity of the issues that define public health ethics in the U.S. and globally. This Handbook is an authoritative and indispensable guide to the state of public health ethics today.

Implementing Strategies to Enhance Public Health Surveillance of Physical Activity in the United States

Implementing Strategies to Enhance Public Health Surveillance of Physical Activity in the United States
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 197
Release: 2019-07-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309492688

Physical activity has far-reaching benefits for physical, mental, emotional, and social health and well-being for all segments of the population. Despite these documented health benefits and previous efforts to promote physical activity in the U.S. population, most Americans do not meet current public health guidelines for physical activity. Surveillance in public health is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data, which can then be used for planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice. Surveillance of physical activity is a core public health function that is necessary for monitoring population engagement in physical activity, including participation in physical activity initiatives. Surveillance activities are guided by standard protocols and are used to establish baseline data and to track implementation and evaluation of interventions, programs, and policies that aim to increase physical activity. However, physical activity is challenging to assess because it is a complex and multidimensional behavior that varies by type, intensity, setting, motives, and environmental and social influences. The lack of surveillance systems to assess both physical activity behaviors (including walking) and physical activity environments (such as the walkability of communities) is a critical gap. Implementing Strategies to Enhance Public Health Surveillance of Physical Activity in the United States develops strategies that support the implementation of recommended actions to improve national physical activity surveillance. This report also examines and builds upon existing recommended actions.

Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology

Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology
Author: Michael F. Leitzmann
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 650
Release: 2017-12-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319615521

This book addresses the origins, determinants and magnitude of the global problem of sedentary behaviour, along with concise yet in-depth solutions for tackling it. As a consequence of major technological advances in modern society, many people find themselves in environments characterized by prolonged sedentary behaviour. Although inadequate exercise has long been known to cause adverse health consequences, sedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a risk factor for the development of numerous chronic diseases and health conditions. Building on the contributions of leading experts in the field, this book presents current knowledge about sedentary behaviour, its medical and public health significance, its correlates and determinants, measurement techniques, and recommendations for addressing this behaviour at the individual, community, environmental, and policy level. Applying a cross-disciplinary methodology, the book avoids considering physical activity and sedentary behavior as a single continuum, which potentially hampers progress in confronting widespread levels of sedentariness. Rather, the book helps readers better understand how sedentary and physically active behavior co-occur and how the two behaviours have distinct contributing factors. Building on the contributions of distinguished international experts in the field, this thorough resource is a valuable asset and challenges professionals, researchers, students, and practitioners alike to adopt new strategies and expand their reach.

Physical Activity and Public Health Practice

Physical Activity and Public Health Practice
Author: Daniel B. Bornstein, PhD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Total Pages: 414
Release: 2019-01-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0826134599

Physical Activity in Public Health Practice provides the first evidence-based, practical textbook to guide readers through the process of conceptualizing, justifying, implementing, and evaluating physical activity interventions across a broad array of settings and populations. Section One begins with an overview of epidemiology, measurement, critical milestones, and the importance of moving beyond individual-level physical activity intervention, to interventions aimed at policy-, systems-, and environmental-level changes. Section Two considers planning interventions across a variety of settings and populations, including general concepts for implementation and evaluation, how to build effective coalitions, steps for developing community-, regional- or state-level strategic plans, and effectively translating policy into practice. Section Three addresses how to implement physical activity strategies across a variety of settings, including worksites, faith-based settings, healthcare settings, schools, and parks and recreation. This section also provides guidance on the complexities and challenges of targeting interventions for specific populations, such as families, older adults, persons with disabilities, as well as different strategies for urban and rural populations. Lastly, Section Four outlines effective strategies for how to evaluate interventions depending upon impact, outcome, and cost evaluation, and dissemination models for your intervention. Presented from both a research and a practice perspective while discussing the best available research, this book provides the basis for planning and implementing physical activity programs that work and can build healthier communities. This hands-on text incorporates learning objectives, real-world examples, case studies, and bulleted lists whenever possible so that the content can be digested easily not only in undergraduate and graduate course settings but also by public health workers and other health educators in practice. Written by world experts and augmented by practical applications, this textbook prepares public health students and practitioners to develop effective interventions and spur greater physical activity in their communities. Key Features: Provides effective strategies for properly measuring and increasing physical activity in communities Demonstrates how to carry out physical activity interventions across a variety of settings, including schools, communities, worksites and many more Discusses methods for directing physical activity interventions to specific populations Delivers strategies for building successful partnerships and coalitions Practical group activities, exercises, discussion questions, audio podcast discussions, and a full instructor packet accompany the textbook

Agile Working and Well-Being in the Digital Age

Agile Working and Well-Being in the Digital Age
Author: Christine Grant
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2020-12-09
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 3030602834

Within the digital era, agile working is imperative for organisations and workers to meet the needs of customers, service-users and ever-changing markets. This needs to be achieved whilst meeting goals of effectiveness and well-being. In this book, state-of-the-art theory is used to understand how to optimise agile working by addressing key issues around personality, team-working and management. The authors define the concept of agile working and unpack often-misunderstood terms associated with this, such as remote working and telework. The book explores the well-being consequences of agile work including sedentary behaviours, digital distraction, and digital resistance before offering insights for the future. Examining current practice in the context of established and emerging theory, the book paves the way towards further advances in the field and supports organisations seeking to make agile working work for them. Agile Working and Well-being in the Digital Age provides a valuable new resource for practitioners and scholars in the fields of occupational and organizational psychology, human resource management, organisational development, mental health and well-being.

Effects of Common Interventions at the Workplace on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Perceived Wellness

Effects of Common Interventions at the Workplace on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Perceived Wellness
Author: Joyan L. Urda
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre: Crisis intervention (Mental health services)
ISBN:

The purpose was to determine whether an alert to get up and move once per hour, while at work would reduce sedentary time, change the number of sit-to-stand transitions and change perceived wellness. A secondary purpose was to determine whether subjective recall of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time were related to objective measures. Participants were office staff and admininstrators working in occupations primarily consisting of sitting at a desk. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the control - control group (CC), or the control - intervention group (CI).Both groups wore a triaxial accelerometer for two weeks. The CC group was instructed to maintain normal behaviors, whereas the CI group was instructed to maintain behaviors during week 1, but responded to the alerts during week two, The alert was an hourly reminder on their phone or computer to get up and move for a short duration in the workday. Both groups provided subjective recall and objective measures of sedentary and PA behaviors at the end of week one and week two. Both groups completed a perceived wellness survey at the beginning of the study, and again after weeks one and two. A factorial/mixed design repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no differences in any of the variables over time. There was a between groups difference, and a post hoc independent t-test revealed that sedentary time at work was different between groups in week 2. Perceived wellness was not different between groups at day 0, day 8, or day 16, nor was it different between groups between day 0 and day 8. However, there was a significant increase in perceived wellness from day 0 to day 16 ion both groups. A positive, weak correlation was found between subjective and objective sedentary time at work. There was also a positive, weak correlation between subjective and objective sedentary time over a 24 hour period. It was concluded that the intervention had no effect on sitting time or sit-to-stand transitions during working hours or sedentarytime outside of work. Perceived wellness scores over the two week protocol improved for both groups. Subjective recall was only weakly related to objective measures of sedentary time.