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| Author | : Eric Winsberg |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 81 |
| Release | : 2024-02-08 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 1009468219 |
This Element introduces the philosophical literature on models, focusing on normative considerations relevant to models for decisionmaking.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 286 |
| Release | : 2007-08-25 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0309110009 |
Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.
| Author | : Eric Winsberg |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 82 |
| Release | : 2024-01-31 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1009033972 |
This Element introduces the philosophical literature on models, with an emphasis on normative considerations relevant to models for decision-making. Chapter 1 gives an overview of core questions in the philosophy of modeling. Chapter 2 examines the concept of model adequacy for purpose, using three examples of models from the atmospheric sciences to describe how this sort of adequacy is determined in practice. Chapter 3 explores the significance of using models that are not adequate for purpose, including the purpose of informing public decisions. Chapter 4 provides a basic framework for values in modelling, using a case study to highlight the ethical challenges in building models for decision making. It concludes by establishing the need for strategies to manage value judgments in modelling, including the potential for public participation in the process.
| Author | : Diederik Aerts |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 173 |
| Release | : 2019-09-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030259137 |
Recent years have been characterized by tremendous advances in quantum information and communication, both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, mathematical methods of quantum information and quantum probability have begun spreading to other areas of research, beyond physics. One exciting new possibility involves applying these methods to information science and computer science (without direct relation to the problems of creation of quantum computers). The aim of this Special Volume is to encourage scientists, especially the new generation (master and PhD students), working in computer science and related mathematical fields to explore novel possibilities based on the mathematical formalisms of quantum information and probability. The contributing authors, who hail from various countries, combine extensive quantum methods expertise with real-world experience in application of these methods to computer science. The problems considered chiefly concern quantum information-probability based modeling in the following areas: information foraging; interactive quantum information access; deep convolutional neural networks; decision making; quantum dynamics; open quantum systems; and theory of contextual probability. The book offers young scientists (students, PhD, postdocs) an essential introduction to applying the mathematical apparatus of quantum theory to computer science, information retrieval, and information processes.
| Author | : Ray Crozier |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 272 |
| Release | : 2002-09-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1134726783 |
This book offers an exciting new collection of recent research on the actual processes that humans use when making decisions in their everyday lives and in business situations. The contributors use cognitive psychological techniques to break down the constituent processes and set them in their social context. The contributors are from many different countries and draw upon a wide range of techniques, making this book a valuable resource to cognitive psychologists in applied settings, economists and managers.
| Author | : George Mengov |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 170 |
| Release | : 2015-05-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3662471221 |
This book offers a new perspective on human decision-making by comparing the established methods in decision science with innovative modelling at the level of neurons and neural interactions. The book presents a new generation of computer models, which can predict with astonishing accuracy individual economic choices when people make them by quick intuition rather than by effort. A vision for a new kind of social science is outlined, whereby neural models of emotion and cognition capture the dynamics of socioeconomic systems and virtual social networks. The exposition is approachable by experts as well as by advanced students. The author is an Associate Professor of Decision Science with a doctorate in Computational Neuroscience, and a former software consultant to banks in the City of London.
| Author | : John A. Lawrence |
| Publisher | : Wiley |
| Total Pages | : 672 |
| Release | : 2002-02-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780471391906 |
Emphasizes building the most appropriate model possible from the available data. * Major focus is on analysis and communication of results to management. Teaches readers how to conduct a management science study, analyze different situations, break down the steps of problem-solving, write a business report, and effectively communicate study results to management. * A supporting CD-ROM is packaged with every book to include three complete additional chapters, additional cases and problems for every chapter, coverage of key algorithms and derivations, a review of statistics, the complete WINQSB package developed by Yih-Long Chang, and Excel files for every chapter. * Computer Integrated Approach: Use of Excel, WinQSB, and LINDO for windows integrated throughout text for use in solving models.
| Author | : Peijun Guo |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 418 |
| Release | : 2013-11-01 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642393071 |
The volume delivers a wealth of effective methods to deal with various types of uncertainty inherently existing in human-centric decision problems. It elaborates on comprehensive decision frameworks to handle different decision scenarios, which help use effectively the explicit and tacit knowledge and intuition, model perceptions and preferences in a more human-oriented style. The book presents original approaches and delivers new results on fundamentals and applications related to human-centered decision making approaches to business, economics and social systems. Individual chapters cover multi-criteria (multiattribute) decision making, decision making with prospect theory, decision making with incomplete probabilistic information, granular models of decision making and decision making realized with the use of non-additive measures. New emerging decision theories being presented as along with a wide spectrum of ongoing research make the book valuable to all interested in the field of advanced decision-making. The volume, self-contained in its nature, offers a systematic exposure to the concepts, design methodologies, and detailed algorithms. A prudent balance between the theoretical studies and applications makes the material suitable for researchers and graduate students in information, computer sciences, psychology, cognitive science, economics, system engineering, operation research and management science, risk management, public and social policy.
| Author | : Lawrence Davis |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 590 |
| Release | : 201? |
| Genre | : Physics |
| ISBN | : |
"Body Physics was designed to meet the objectives of a one-term high school or freshman level course in physical science, typically designed to provide non-science majors and undeclared students with exposure to the most basic principles in physics while fulfilling a science-with-lab core requirement. The content level is aimed at students taking their first college science course, whether or not they are planning to major in science. However, with minor supplementation by other resources, such as OpenStax College Physics, this textbook could easily be used as the primary resource in 200-level introductory courses. Chapters that may be more appropriate for physics courses than for general science courses are noted with an asterisk symbol (*). Of course this textbook could be used to supplement other primary resources in any physics course covering mechanics and thermodynamics"--Textbook Web page.
| Author | : Ali Mostashari |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2011-01-27 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9814462330 |
This volume provides the fundamentals of involving stakeholders in collaborative modeling of energy systems, including the technical subsystem as well as its economic, social, environmental and political subsystems. It presents a Stakeholder-Assisted Modeling and Policy Design (SAM-PD) framework that can be applied by energy system developers, managers and decision makers to involve a wide range of stakeholders in group model-building on a larger scale.By illustrating the capabilities of the SAM-PD framework, the book introduces an actual case study of the Cape Wind Offshore Wind Energy project. This case study details the process by which the author brought together a large number of stakeholders to jointly model the Cape Wind energy system and its broader implications for the regional energy picture and the regional economy and environment. It also offers the most recent in-depth analysis of the Cape Wind project.
