"Though the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) does offer Inclusive Education (IE) in the public system, necessary in-school supports and services remain limited. This dissertation is aligned with the goals set out by the Saudi Ministry of Education and one of the governmental initiatives that targets IE, Saudi Vision 2030. The Vision is a strategic framework that focuses on improving many aspects of the education system and designing educational programs for students with disabilities, including those on the autism spectrum. The Ministry of Education in the KSA is paying particular attention to students on the autism spectrum with the goal of promoting learning in an inclusive classroom with an IE program. To help support these students, the Ministry is keen on increasing preparatory opportunities for its teachers with the aim of implementing effective IE. In addition to the impact of teachers on educational development, the Ministry of Education recognizes the essential role that parents can play in the IE community. The goal is for parents to make positive contributions and work closely together with their child's teachers. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is threefold, a) to conduct an exploration of the current implementation of IE in Saudi Arabian public schools; b) to respond to the increased number of students on the autism spectrum by exploring teachers' self-reported competence in using IE practices for these students; c) to explore parent perspectives and satisfaction with their children's performance in IE settings. In the first study, a comprehensive systematic critical review was conducted to examine the current state of IE in the KSA by focusing on the extent to which IE is implemented in each region, the effectiveness of IE implementation, and on the barriers that impact a comprehensive IE roll-out in public schools. The results were that IE would not be considered satisfactory and does not achieve the needed level of implementation. Further, teachers were considered to be core actors in the implementation of successful IE based on the ability to meet students' needs and that adhering to established "best practices" requires a level of competence. Considering the high number of students on the autism spectrum in the KSA, there is a need to prepare teachers to meet the demands of an increasingly diverse classroom. Study 2 was designed to address these concerns by exploring 166 teachers' self-reported competence to teach students on the autism spectrum in inclusive settings. In this study, teachers' competence was the dependent variable, and three independent variables were tested: teachers' knowledge about IE practices, as well their attitude and beliefs about including students on the autism spectrum in mainstream classrooms. Teachers' self-reported competence levels were low toward including students on the autism spectrum in inclusive classrooms. The results highlighted the significance of teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs as predictors of their self-reported competence. Given that the competence of teachers can be reflected in students' academic performance, and that inclusive practice hinges on collaboration among influential stakeholders in students' lives, parents have a significant role in their children's education programs and should have the chance to reflect on their child's IE program. Thus, Study 3 aimed to explore parents' perspectives on their satisfaction with their child's IE program by interviewing eight parents from the KSA. The results highlight that most parents were not satisfied with their child's IE program and were seeking better options. The three studies in this dissertation highlighted the need for the development of more effective IE practices that could improve teacher competence and parent satisfaction levels.. This research has implications for the development and improvement of IE practices, policies, and standards, in the KSA and internationally"--