Rural Nonfarm Employment
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Author | : Nurul Islam |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 60 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0896296059 |
In most developing countries, the rural labor force is growing rapidly, but rural employment opportunities are dwindling. This paper brings together empirical evidence on the nonfarm sector and analyzes policies for its future development. It examines the linkages between the farm and nonfarm sectors and between the nonfarm sector and urban enterprises, and considers ways the government can promote rural employment.
Author | : Jean Olson Lanjouw |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 84 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Empleo rural |
ISBN | : 6101911020 |
Author | : O. Jean Lanjouw |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Electronic books |
ISBN | : |
May 1995 Although governments in some countries are implementing projects to support small-scale and rural enterprises, more commonly the rural nonfarm sector operates in a policy environment that is biased against it. This survey highlights the positive roles that the rural nonfarm sector can play in promoting growth and welfare by slowing rural-urban migration, using more appropriate technologies, providing seasonal or alternative employment for those left out of agriculture, and improving household security through diversification. The apparent neglect of this sector does not seem warranted on the basis of available information. So little is known about the rural nonfarm sector that those making policy to assist rural small-scale enterprises have done so largely unencumbered by evidence. The Lanjouw survey of nonfarm data and policy experience attempts to correct this. Until recently, the commonly held view was that rural nonfarm employment was relatively nonproductive, producing goods and services of low quality. The rural off-farm sector was expected to wither away with development and rising incomes, and this was viewed as a positive, rather than a negative, event. A corollary of this view was that the government need not actively worry about the sector -- or be concerned about how policies elsewhere might harm it. More recently, opinion has swung the other way, and it is increasingly argued that neglect of the sector would be mistaken. The survey highlights the positive roles that the rural nonfarm sector can play in promoting both growth and welfare. In the widespread situation of a rural workforce growing faster than the employment potential in agriculture, the nonfarm rural sector can lower unemployment and slow rural-urban migration. It is particularly useful in employing women and providing off-season incomes. The technologies used in small-scale rural manufacturing may be more appropriate and thus generate greater income from available productive inputs. What role could government play in promoting the nonfarm sector? The emphasis of government policy has been on large-scale urban industry as the main engine of growth. More recently, there has been a move toward a more broad-based growth approach, with greater emphasis on the development of agriculture and the rural economy. Increasingly countries have targeted project assistance schemes, for example to provide training, infrastructure, and technology to support small-scale and rural enterprises. Nonetheless, in most countries it remains true that projects to support the nonfarm rural sector are undertaken in a policy environment which is biased against this sector. This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics -- was prepared as a background paper for World Development Report 1995 on labor.
Author | : Dennis Anderson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 100 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Community development |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Carl Liedholm |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 52 |
Release | : 1973 |
Genre | : Africa |
ISBN | : |
Economic research pamphlet on employment in the rural industry sector in Africa, particularly in small scale industries - outlines the nonfarm occupational structure, and describes a theoretical model of an agricultural economy with nonagricultural activities, to be used as a research method to survey rural nonfarm employment in Sierra Leone. Bibliography pp. 34 to 38 and graphs.
Author | : Enyinna Chuta |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 1979 |
Genre | : Developing countries |
ISBN | : |
Research paper on a literature survey of nonfarm employment activities and issues in developing countries - examines importance of non- farm rural employment, rural area income, labour productivity, rural industry size of enterprise, tariff policy, technical and management assistance for rural development projects. Bibliography pp. 85 to 96.
Author | : Steven Haggblade |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 514 |
Release | : 2007-11-16 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0801886643 |
Contrary to conventional wisdom that equates rural economies with agriculture, rural residents in developing countries often rely heavily on activities other than farming for their income. Indeed, nonfarm work accounts for between one-third and one-half of rural incomes in the developing world. In recent years, accelerating globalization, increasing competition from large businesses, expanding urban markets for rural goods and services, and greater availability of information and communication technology have combined to expose rural nonfarm businesses to new opportunities as well as new risks. By examining these rapid changes in the rural nonfarm economy, international experts explore how the rural nonfarm economy can contribute to overall economic growth in developing countries and how the poor can participate in this rapidly evolving segment of the economy. The authors review an array of recent studies of the rural nonfarm economy in order to summarize existing empirical evidence, explore policy implications, and identify future research priorities. They examine the varied scale, structure, and composition of the rural nonfarm economy, as well as its relationship with agricultural and urban enterprises. And they address key questions about the role of public intervention in the rural nonfarm economy and how the rural poor can participate in and navigate the rapid transition underway in rural areas. The contributors offer new insights to specialists in rural development and to others interested in overall economic development.
Author | : Ashwani Saith |
Publisher | : International Labour Organization |
Total Pages | : 136 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9789221077503 |
This book provides an analytical framework for studying the rural non-farm economy (RNFE) in developing countries, as well as a detailed analysis of rural inequalities and agrarian differentiation, demand constraints in the RNFE, and successes and failures of targeted programmes.; The book uses examples - mainly from Asia - to challenge the received ideas and attempts to cast the discussion in a wider context.
Author | : Eldon D. Smith |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 14 |
Release | : 1956 |
Genre | : Agriculture |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Dorte Verner |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 43 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Academic achievement |
ISBN | : |
The author addresses the labor markets in rural and semi-urban Mexico. The empirical analyses show that non-farm income shares increase with overall consumption levels and, also, with time. Rural-dwellers in lower quintiles of the consumption distribution tend to earn a larger share of their nonagricultural incomes from wage labor activities. For the poorest, low-productivity wage labor activities are important. The quantile wage regression analysis for rural Mexico shows a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the wage distribution on monthly wages. The author's findings reveal that education is key to earning higher wages, and that workers in more dispersed rural areas earn less than their peers in semi-urban rural areas (localities with less than 15,000 inhabitants). The rural non-farm sector is heterogeneous and includes a great variety of activities and productivity levels across non-farm jobs. Moreover it can reduce poverty in a couple of distinct but qualitatively important ways in rural Mexico. The analysis of non-farm employment in rural Mexico suggests that the two key determinants of access to employment and productivity in non-farm activities are education and location.