Effects of Sheep Grazing to Control Weeds in a Pine Plantation on Weed Reproductive Success, Trees and Sheep Performance

Effects of Sheep Grazing to Control Weeds in a Pine Plantation on Weed Reproductive Success, Trees and Sheep Performance
Author: Lisa J. Milliman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 190
Release: 1999
Genre: Weeds
ISBN:

Use of sheep to control weeds in a ryegrass-white clover pasture in which Knob Cone-Monterrey hybrid pine trees had been planted was investigated in Corvallis, Oregon during 1997-1998. Treatments consisted of an ungrazed control (C) and grazing applications to achieve 25 (L), 50 (M) or 75 (H) percent utilization of the understory vegetation. The treatments were applied three times between May and July of 1998 (T1, T2, and T3). Cover and phenological stage by plant group was measured after each treatment application. Two species of interest, Himalayan blackberry and bull thistle, were also studied independently of the other forbs. Their growth was measured at T1, T2, T3 and also in October of 1998 (T4). All yearling ewes were weighed at the beginning of the trial, before T1, and again after T3. Sheep used in the trial were also weighed after T2. Initially understory vegetation covered about 90% of the ground, approximately 20% of which was perennial ryegrass (RYE). Incidence of other perennial grasses (OPG) remained constant at about 20% where ungrazed but declined from 20% to 10% during the study in all grazed treatments. Annual grasses (AG) performed similarly to OPG, remaining at 25% in C throughout the trial but declining to 8% or less in all grazed treatments by T3. Forb cover was variable throughout the site, ranging from about 20 to 50% before initial grazing. Grazing at T1 reduced forb cover by 44% (L) to 80% (H) from initial levels. Forbs did not fully recover by T2 and constituted about 25% of the cover in C and L and 10% in M and H. Grazing at T2 reduced forb presence by 25% in L, with little change in M and H due to the low presence of forbs in those treatments. Late season forbs began to appear by T2 and were dominant by T3 when grazing reduced total forb cover to 15% in L and

Agroecology

Agroecology
Author: Stephen R. Gliessman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2007
Genre: Agricultural ecology
ISBN: 9780849328459

Providing the theoretical and conceptual framework for this continually evolving field, Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Second Edition explores environmental factors and complexities affecting agricultural crops and animals. Completely revised, updated, and reworked, the second edition contains new data, new readings, new issues and case studies, and new options. It includes two completely new chapters, one on the role of livestock animals in agroecosystems and one on the cultural and community aspects of sustainable food systems. The author clearly delineates the importance of using an ecosystem framework for determining if a particular agricultural practice, input, or management decision contributes or detracts from sustainability. He explains how the framework provides the ecological basis for the functioning of the chosen management strategy over the long-term. He also examines system level interactions, stressing the need for understanding the emergent qualities of populations, communities, and ecosystems and their roles in sustainable agriculture. Using examples of farming systems in a broad array of ecological conditions, the book demonstrates how to use an ecosystem approach to design and manage agroecosystems for sustainability.

Package Price Agroecology

Package Price Agroecology
Author: Stephen R. Gliessman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 642
Release: 2021-02-25
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1482282283

Stephen Gliessman's complementary volumes, Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Third Edition and Field and Laboratory Investigations in Agroecology, Third Edition are now available together for one low price. Completely revised, updated, and reworked, the third edition of Agroecology presents new data, material, case studies, and options, as well as more emphasis on topics such as the values, beliefs, and ethics of sustainable food systems. The new edition of Field and Laboratory Investigations in Agroecology facilitates hands-on, experimental learning that involves close observation, creative interpretation, and constant questioning of findings.

Weed Control by Sheep Grazing Under Plantation Tree Crop

Weed Control by Sheep Grazing Under Plantation Tree Crop
Author: K. R. Pillai
Publisher:
Total Pages: 10
Release: 1986*
Genre: Cover crops
ISBN:

Vegetative ground covers have been a source of good quality feed for livestock. A preliminary report on the use of sheep both as a mowing instrument and their performance under plantation tree crops are presented. Current observation indicate that sheep could be effectively integrated into plantation tree crops and also act as effective mowers of ground vegetation cover. The beneficial effect of organic inputs from animal will only be assessed in time from the production of the tree crop. [Authors' abstract].

Non-Chemical Weed Control

Non-Chemical Weed Control
Author: Khawar Jabran
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 174
Release: 2018-01-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128098821

Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. - Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case - Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques - Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future - Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts