Role Of Lipids In Virus Assembly
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| Author | : Jamil S. Saad |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 93 |
| Release | : 2015-07-28 |
| Genre | : Science (General) |
| ISBN | : 2889195821 |
RNA enveloped viruses comprise several families belonging to plus and minus strand RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, flavoviruses and orthomyxoviruses. Viruses utilize cellular lipids during critical steps of replication like entry, assembly and egress. Growing evidence indicate important roles for lipids and lipid nanodomains in virus assembly. This special topic covers key aspects of virus-membrane interactions during assembly and egress, especially those of retroviruses and Ebola virus (EBOV). Virus assembly and release involve specific and nonspecific interactions between viral proteins and membrane compartments. Retroviral Gag proteins assemble predominantly on the PM. Despite the great progress in identifying the factors that modulate retroviral Gag assembly on the PM, there are still gaps in our understanding of precise mechanisms of Gag-membrane interactions. Studies over the last two decades have focused on the mechanisms by which other retroviral Gag proteins interact with membranes during assembly. These include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), murine leukemia virus (MLV), and human T-lymphotropic virus type (HTLV-1). Additionally, assembly of filoviruses such as EBOV also occurs on the inner leaflet of the PM. The articles published under this special topic highlight the latest understanding of the role of membrane lipids during virus assembly, egress and release.
| Author | : David Hawkes |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 136 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The role of cellular lipids in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication is well established. There is also a large body of evidence that indicates that HIV-1 utilizes lipid rafts at the plasma membrane for viral entry, assembly and budding. HIV-1 is enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin which are two of the major lipid components of lipid rafts, and a specific subset (Brij98) of lipid rafts have been isolated from HIV-1 virions. Virion associated cholesterol and sphingomyelin have also been shown to be critical for HIV-1 replication, but the precise timing and mechanism remains unclear. A number of studies have investigated the contribution of different lipid classes to the HIV¬1 lipid composition, and recent advances in lipid mass spectrometry have allowed a more in depth analysis of the specific lipid species, not just classes, involved. This thesis provides the first study of the effects of viral genome, production method and producer cell on the phospholipid (specifically the lipid raft associated sphingomyelin and non-raft phosphatidylcholine) species distribution. These observations suggest that HIV-1 packages a relatively conserved subset of phospholipid species regardless of producer cell or viral genome. There is evidence to suggest that virion-associated sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine are important for HIV-1 infectivity. This thesis determined that sphingomyelin is required for both viral entry and infectivity. However, a reduction in virion associated phosphatidylcholine levels did not affect either entry or infectivity of HIV-1. These findings are in agreement with other studies which have shown that the lipid raft component sphingomyelin plays a role in the early stages of HIV-1 cell-cell fusion. While the stage of HIV-1 replication for which cell-derived cholesterol is required is currently undefined, it has generally been suggested that it is required for the very early stages of HIV-1 replication such as binding and fusion/entry into target cells. This thesis provides the first information that virion associated cholesterol is not required for HIV-1 viral entry but is required for a stage of replication prior to the completion of reverse transcription. In conclusion this thesis has demonstrated that virion-associated lipids play key, but different, roles in the early stages of HIV-1 infection. Data presented here show that the virion associated lipid (raft) components of HIV-1 are critical for both fusion/entry and for additional stage(s) post entry but prior to the completion of reverse transcription, possibly mediated through viral induced cellular signaling.
| Author | : Hans-Georg Kräusslich |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 386 |
| Release | : 2008-12-02 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3540790861 |
A crucial issue for antiviral therapy is the fact that all antiviral substances rapidly select for resistance; thus, monitoring and overcoming resistance has become a most important clinical paradigm of antiviral therapy. This calls for cautious use of antiviral drugs and implementation of combination therapies. In parallel, efforts in drug discovery have to be continued to develop compounds with novel mode-of-action and activity against resistant strains. This book reviews the current status of antiviral therapy, from the roads to development of new compounds to their clinical use and cost effectiveness. Individual chapters address in more detail all available drug classes and outline new approaches currently under development.
| Author | : R. Holland Cheng |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 663 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9812790853 |
Ch. 1. Human rhinovirus cell entry and uncoating / Renate Fuchs and Dieter Blaas -- ch. 2. Role of lipid microdomains in influenza virus multiplication / Makoto Takeda -- ch. 3. Functions of integrin alpha2beta1, a collagen receptor, in the internalization of echovirus 1 / Varpu Marjomäki [und weitere] -- ch. 4. Entry mechanism of murine and SARS coronaviruses - similarity and dissimilarity / Fumihiro Taguchi -- ch. 5. Hepatitis viruses, signaling events, and modulation of the innate host response / Syed Mohammad Moin, Anindita Kar-Roy and Shahid Jameel -- ch. 6. Virus-cell interaction of HCV / Hideki Tani [und weitere] -- ch. 7. RNA replication of hepatitis C virus / Hideki Aizaki and Tetsuro Suzuki -- ch. 8. Structure and dynamics in viral RNA packaging / Thorsten Dieckmann and Marta Zumwalt -- ch. 9. Rational design of viral protein structures with predetermined immunological properties / James Lara and Yury Khudyakov -- ch. 10. Bioinformatics resources for the study of viruses at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute / Anjan Purkayastha [und weitere] -- ch. 11. Virus architecture probed by atomic force microscopy / A.J. Malkin [und weitere] -- ch. 12. Filovirus assembly and budding / Takeshi Noda and Yoshihiro Kawaoka -- ch. 13. Challenges in designing HIV Env immunogens for developing a vaccine / Indresh K. Srivastava and R. Holland Cheng -- ch. 14. Insights into the Caliciviridae family / Grant Hansman -- ch. 15. Mathematical approaches for stoichiometric quantification in studies of viral assembly and DNA packaging / Peixuan Guo, Jeremy Hall and Tae Jin Lee -- ch. 16. Virus-like particles of fish nodavirus / Chan-Shing Lin -- ch. 17. The assembly of the double-layered capsids of phytoreoviruses / Toshihiro Omura [und weitere] -- ch. 18. Structure and assembly of human herpesviruses: new insights from cryo-electron microscopy and tomography / Z. Hong Zhou and Pierrette Lo -- ch. 19. Human papillomavirus type 16 capsid proteins: immunogenicity and possible use as prophylactic vaccine antigens / Tadahito Kanda, Kei Kawana and Hiroyuki Yoshikawa -- ch. 20. Chimeric recombinant Hepatitis E virus-like particles presenting foreign epitopes as a novel vector of vaccine by oral administration / Yasuhiro Yasutomi -- ch. 21. Nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae): structure and functions / Alexander Plyusnin [und weitere] -- ch. 22. Astrovirus replication: an overview / Susana Guix, Albert Bosch and Rosa M. Pintó -- ch. 23. DNA vaccines against viruses / Britta Wahren and Margaret Liu -- ch. 24. Life cycles of polyomaviridae - DNA tumor virus / Masaaki Kawano, Hiroshi Handa and R. Holland Cheng
| Author | : Christian Ehnholm |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 385 |
| Release | : 2009-07-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3642003001 |
For years lipids have fascinated cell biologists and biochemists due to their profound effects on cell function. "Cellular Lipid Metabolism" highlights new concepts and recent findings, but also reviews important discoveries made in the past. Outstanding international experts contribute 13 chapters on the genetics, molecular and cell biology of lipids. Presenting analyses at the molecular level they reveal the principles by which cellular lipid metabolism functions. Further, numerous intriguing observations that cannot yet be explained are identified, stimulating the readers to future studies. This book provides an invaluable source of information for biomedical researchers in energy metabolism, vascular biology, endocrinology and lipidology.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 610 |
| Release | : 2003-10-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080493777 |
Virus Structure covers the full spectrum of modern structural virology. Its goal is to describe the means for defining moderate to high resolution structures and the basic principles that have emerged from these studies. Among the topics covered are Hybrid Vigor, Structural Folds of Viral Proteins, Virus Particle Dynamics, Viral Gemone Organization, Enveloped Viruses and Large Viruses. Covers viral assembly using heterologous expression systems and cell extracts Discusses molecular mechanisms in bacteriophage T7 procapsid assembly, maturation and DNA containment Includes information on structural studies on antibody/virus complexes
| Author | : Polly Roy |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 442 |
| Release | : 2005-07-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080455085 |
Written by experts in their field, Virus Structure and Assembly summarizes our current state of knowledge in the field of virus structure and assembly, comparing and contrasting the mechanisms adopted by viruses with a wide diversity of genome and host. It will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers in virology, microbiology, epidemiology, molecular biology, and public health. * Witness to the remarkable advancement in the field of virus structure and assembly * A unique opportunity to compare and contrast mechanisms adopted by a diverse range of viruses from bacteriophages and RNA viruses to Bluetongue, Influenza and Hepatitis B * Numerous illustrations including color * Discussion on the VIPER database, a repository for all high-resolution structures of simple icosahedral viruses, and on application of mass spectrometry to the analysis of structures present in biological specimens, such as HIV-1
| Author | : Bruce Alberts |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Cytology |
| ISBN | : 9780815332183 |
| Author | : Michael G. Katze |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 2015-12-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128011742 |
Viral Pathogenesis: From Basics to Systems Biology, Third Edition, has been thoroughly updated to cover topical advances in the evolving field of viral pathogenesis, while also providing the requisite classic foundational information for which it is recognized. The book provides key coverage of the newfound ability to profile molecular events on a system-wide scale, which has led to a deeper understanding of virus-host interactions, host signaling and molecular-interaction networks, and the role of host genetics in determining disease outcome. In addition, the content has been augmented with short chapters on seminal breakthroughs and profiles of their progenitors, as well as short commentaries on important or controversial issues in the field. Thus, the reader will be given a view of virology research with perspectives on issues such as biomedical ethics, public health policy, and human health. In summary, the third edition will give the student a sense of the exciting new perspectives on viral pathogenesis that have been provided by recent developments in genomics, computation, modeling, and systems biology. Covers all aspects of viral infection, including viral entry, replication, and release, as well as innate and adaptive immunity and viral pathogenesis Provides a fresh perspective on the approaches used to understand how viruses cause disease Features molecular profiling techniques, whole genome sequencing, and innovative computational methods Highlights the use of contemporary approaches and the insights they provide to the field
| Author | : Heide Schatten |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 275 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0521195993 |
A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology.
