This report presents the results of the second residential energy consumption survey. Data on consumption and expenditures are presented for the year April 1979 through March 1980. Tables are also presented which indicate the cost and incidence of major insulation added to U.S. households in 1978 and 1979. The tables are from the final data file that contains imputations for missing data and includes information from the mail questionnaires. In addition to this publication, we are also issuing a report entitled, Residential Energy Consumption Survey: 1978-1980 Consumption and Expenditures, Part II. Regional Data (DOE/ETA-0262/2).This report contains selected tabulations for each of the four Census regions for the period 1978-1980. A public use file containing machine readable data for individual households will also be made available through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).Included in this report are: a summary of findings showing comparisons in residential energy consumption between the 1978 to 1979 and 1979 to 1980time periods, a description of how the survey was conducted, a statement about the limitations of the data including relative standard errors, a copy of the survey forms, and a glossary. This report was prepared by the Residential and Commercial Data Systems Division, Office of the Consumption Data System, Assistant Administrator for Program Development, Energy Information Administration. The following staff members contributed to this project: Kenneth Vagts--Director, Office of the Consumption Data System; Lynda T. Carlson --Director, Residential and Commercial Data Systems Division; Wendel Thompson --manager of the residential energy consumption surveys; Dwight French and Phillip Windell--statisticians; Leigh Carleton and Vickie Fadeley--table design and generation; Les Whitaker --data processing.