The collective monograph is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic concepts of the evolution of modern Ukrainian society. The research uses an interdisciplinary approach, which allows analyzing various aspects of the development of social processes in Ukraine and obtaining socially significant scientific results. Svitlana Bogatchuk investigates the problem of the development of the agricultural sector of the Podil region in the ХІХ th century. Focuses attention on highlighting the very process of reform and development of the main branches of agriculture during this period, such as: cultivation of wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat. Highlights the difficult socioeconomic situation that prompted the authorities to make a decision to reform the agrarian sector. Analyzes the development of the agrarian sector of the Podilsk region after the peasant reform - the abolition of serfdom in 1861. About 75% of its population was employed in agricultural production as evidence of the importance of agriculture in the Podilsk province. Capitalization of the country as a result of the peasant reform also affected the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, as well as Podillia. Therefore, in the study, the author provided the main characteristics of the development of the sugar industry, flour milling, viticulture, distilling, and others. In his analysis, Ihor Mazilo pays attention to the topic of railway transport in the German-Soviet war. The author emphasizes that railway transport became an object of strategic importance and provided communication between the front and the rear. Therefore, railway communications played one of the key roles during the last war and post-war reconstruction. Ihor Belkin reveals the content and analysis of the pedagogical experiment as an integral component of the modern educational process. In the content of his chapter, he pays considerable attention to the research and experimental work of students in the learning process. Describes the content of key tasks of experimental research. Emphasizes the theoretical and practical aspects of the readiness and effectiveness of the pedagogical experiment in the conditions of student training in the context of future specialists. The author pays considerable attention to one of the effective methods of the pedagogical experiment mechanism - the business game. Plays a practical-applied analysis ofthe game technology method. Describes the sequence of stages of the experiment and the analysis of its results. In the study of Volodymyr Manhora, a comparative characterization of the prevention of illegal trade in human organs and tissues in Ukraine and European countries was carried out. The concept of illegal trade in human organs and tissues is given. The history of the development of prevention of illegal trade in human organs and tissues is considered. Periodization of the legal regulation of state administration in the field of transplantation has been carried out. The specifics of the regulatory and legal regulation to prevent illegal trade in human organs and tissues in Ukraine and European countries have been determined. Based on his own research, the author came to the conclusion that in orderto regulate the fight against the illegal trade in human organs and tissuesin modern Ukraine, it is necessary to improve the legislative framework, provide for sufficient state funding, and also implement the best practices of European countries in regulating the transplantation of human tissues or organs. The section prepared by Zorislav Makarov focuses on the study of general features and historical changes in the rationality of academic thought of the Renaissance era. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the worldview level of the relationship between Man, Nature and God in the period of the ХІV-ХVI th centuries. The observed creative reception of ancient and early Christian thought at this level, which was embodied in the original concepts of a number of humanistic studies and educational guidelines of the Reformation, gives grounds for concluding that the subject-object dichotomy, naturalistic principles of creativity, and the instrumental model of rationality were gradually separated for the modern development of philosophy and science. The content of the collective monograph corresponds to the research direction of the Department of History of Ukraine and Philosophy of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University "Study of trends of socio-economic development and consolidation of Ukrainian society in the modern history of Ukraine". monograph used: historical-genetic method, statistical analysis, sociologist and pedagogical research.