The President submits most nominations to the Senate when the Senate is in session. The executive clerk refers the nomination to the appropriate committee or committees on the day it is received. When making a referral, the executive clerk is guided by Senate Rule XXV, which establishes the subject matters under the purview of each committee and directs that "all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating primarily to [those] subjects" be referred to that committee. The executive clerk is also guided by precedents set by prior referrals and standing orders and unanimous consent (UC) agreements pertaining to referral of nominations. Most nominations are referred to one committee. For some positions, a nomination or series of nominations to a position are referred to more than one committee, pursuant to a standing order or UC agreement. A nomination may be jointly or sequentially referred to multiple committees. Joint referral generally occurs when more than one committee has a claim to jurisdiction over the subject matter related to the position. Under joint referral, the committees receive the nomination simultaneously and may consider it concurrently. All committees must report the nomination to the full Senate before it may be considered on ...