Reliability Analysis of Power Grids and Its Interdependent Infrastructures

Reliability Analysis of Power Grids and Its Interdependent Infrastructures
Author: Upama Nakarmi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 151
Release: 2020
Genre: Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles)
ISBN:

Large blackouts with significant societal and economic impacts result from cascade of failures in the transmission network of power grids. Understanding and mitigating cascading failures in power grids is challenging due to the large number of components and their complex interactions, wherein, in addition to the physical topology of the system, the physics of power flow and functional dependencies among components largely affect the spatial distribution and propagation of failures. In this dissertation, data-driven interaction graphs, which help in capturing the underlying interactions and influences among the components during cascading failures, are used for capturing the non-local nature of propagation of failures as well as for simplifying the modeling and analysis of cascades. Particularly, influence and correlation graphs are constructed for revealing and comparing various types of interactions/influences during cascades. In addition, as a step towards analyzing cascades, community structures in the interaction graphs, which bear critical information about cascade processes and the role of system components during cascades are identified. The key idea behind using community structures for analyzing cascades is that a cascade entering a community is likely to reach to most of the other members of the same community while less likely to reach to other communities. Thus, community structures significantly impact cascade behavior by trapping failures within communities. Further, a centrality measure based on the community structures is proposed to identify critical components of the system, which their protection can help in containing failures within a community and prevent the propagation of failures to large sections of the power grid. Various criticality evaluation techniques, including data-driven, epidemic simulation-based, power system simulation-based and graph-based, have been used to verify the importance of the identified critical components in the cascade process and compare them with those identified by traditional centrality measures. Moreover, it has been shown that the loading level of the power grid impacts the interaction graph and consequently, the community structure and criticality of the components in the cascade process. Furthermore, a Markov chain model is designed based on the community structures embedded in the data-driven interaction graphs of power grids. This model exploits the properties of community structures in interactions to enable the probabilistic analysis of cascade sizes in power grids. The trapping property of communities is extensively used to show that the probability distribution of cascade sizes exhibit power-law behavior as observed in previous studies and historical data. Finally, an integrated framework based on the influence model, a networked Markov chain framework, is proposed for modeling the integrated power grid and transportation infrastructures, through one source of their interdependency i.e., electric-vehicle (EV) charging stations. The interactions based on the rules and policies governing their internal and interaction dynamics is captured. Particularly, the proposed integrated framework is used to design an algorithm for assigning dynamic charging prices for the EV charging infrastructure with the goal of increasing the likelihood of having balanced charging and electric infrastructures. The proposed scheme for charging prices is traffic and power aware as the states and interactions of transportation and power infrastructures are captured in the integrated framework. Finally, the critical role of cyber infrastructure in enabling such collaborative solutions is also discussed.

Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures

Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures
Author: Per Hokstad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2012-12-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1447146611

Today’s society is completely dependent on critical networks such as water supply, sewage, electricity, ICT and transportation. Risk and vulnerability analyses are needed to grasp the impact of threats and hazards. However, these become quite complex as there are strong interdependencies both within and between infrastructure systems. Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures: A guideline for analysis provides methods for analyzing risks and interdependencies of critical infrastructures. A number of analysis approaches are described and are adapted to each of these infrastructures. Various approaches are also revised, and all are supported by several examples and illustrations. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of various interdependencies that often exist between the infrastructures. Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures: A guideline for analysis provides a good tool to identify the hazards that are threatening your infrastructures, and will enhance the understanding on how these threats can propagate throughout the system and also affect other infrastructures, thereby identifying useful risk reducing measures. It is essential reading for municipalities and infrastructure owners that are obliged to know about and prepare for the risks and vulnerabilities of the critical infrastructures for which they are responsible.

Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security

Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
Author: Francesca Saglietti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 561
Release: 2007-09-12
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540751009

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, SAFECOMP 2007. The 33 revised full papers and 16 short papers are organized in topical sections on safety cases, impact of security on safety, fault tree analysis, safety analysis, security aspects, verification and validation, platform reliability, reliability evaluation, formal methods, static code analysis, safety-related architectures.

Energy Systems Security

Energy Systems Security
Author: John G. Voeller
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2014-01-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111865174X

Energy Systems Security features articles from the Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security covering topics related to electricity transmission grids and their protection, risk assessment of energy systems, analysis of interdependent energy networks. Methods to manage electricity transmission disturbances so as to avoid blackouts are discussed, and self-healing energy system and a nano-enabled power source are presented.

Cybersecurity and Reliability of Electric Power Grids in an Interdependent Cyber-physical Environment

Cybersecurity and Reliability of Electric Power Grids in an Interdependent Cyber-physical Environment
Author: Yichi Zhang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2015
Genre: Computer networks
ISBN:

As information and communication networks are highly interconnected with the power grid, cyber security of the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, or energy management system (EMS), has become a critical issue in the electric power sector. Cyber security of the SCADA/EMS system can be improved by deploying the trust systems to monitor network traffic for malicious attacks. However, cyber attacks could still be successful if attackers possess sufficient offensive resources. By exploiting vulnerabilities of cyber components, attackers are able to intrude into the SCADA/EMS system and send fabricated commands to local field devices. The reliability of the power system could thus be impacted by various cyber attacks. Quantitative assessment of the cyber attack and defense on the SCADA/EMS system are needed in cyber security evaluation approaches. For instance, the deployment and runtime cost due to the defensive trust systems will affect the original function of the power system without careful planning and design. Therefore, optimization of static trust system placement and routes between nodes, as well as self-recovery mechanisms, should be considered in the SCADA/ EMS network. Furthermore, vulnerability evaluation of the cyber attacks on the power system should be analyzed. A number of methods are used to characterize the attack patterns, and estimate frequencies of the cyber attack that may occur on the SCADA/EMS system. Examples include Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), Attack Graph, and Mean Time-to-Compromise (MTTC). Meanwhile, probabilistic methods used for reliability evaluation, such as Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), should be improved by considering impacts of cyber attacks on the power system. This dissertation is focused on optimizing both the static placement of the trust nodes and the dynamic routing of communicating nodes in the SCADA/EMS system, as well as investigating the reliability impact of the power system considering probabilities of successful cyber attacks on the SCADA/EMS system. Contributions of this dissertation include optimization of the trust system placement in the SCADA/EMS system using the set packing algorithm, the least cost route searching with the trust node aware optimal routing algorithm, the use of Bayesian attack graph and MTTC models to demonstrate probabilities of successful cyber attacks, modeling of normal and penetration attacks against the intrusion tolerant system with a modified semi-Markov process (SMP) model, estimation of MTTCs on the control center and substations considering the optimal allocation of offensive and defensive resources, power system reliability analysis incorporating cyber attacks in the integrated wind farm SCADA/EMS system architecture, and estimation of reliability indices in IEEE reliability test systems considering cyber attacks on SCADA/EMS system.

Reliability Analysis and Asset Management of Engineering Systems

Reliability Analysis and Asset Management of Engineering Systems
Author: Gilberto Francisco Martha de Souza
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 316
Release: 2021-09-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0128235225

Reliability Analysis and Asset Management of Engineering Systems explains methods that can be used to evaluate reliability and availability of complex systems, including simulation-based methods. The increasing digitization of mechanical processes driven by Industry 4.0 increases the interaction between machines and monitoring and control systems, leading to increases in system complexity. For those systems the reliability and availability analyses are increasingly challenging, as the interaction between machines has become more complex, and the analysis of the flexibility of the production systems to respond to machinery failure may require advanced simulation techniques. This book fills a gap on how to deal with such complex systems by linking the concepts of systems reliability and asset management, and then making these solutions more accessible to industry by explaining the availability analysis of complex systems based on simulation methods that emphasise Petri nets. Explains how to use a monitoring database to perform important tasks including an update of complex systems reliability Shows how to diagnose probable machinery-based causes of system performance degradation by using a monitoring database and reliability estimates in an integrated way Describes practical techniques for the application of AI and machine learning methods to fault detection and diagnosis problems

Reliability and Risk

Reliability and Risk
Author: Paul Schulman
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2016-04-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0804798621

The safe and continued functioning of critical infrastructures—such as electricity, natural gas, transportation, and water—is a social imperative. Yet the complex connections between these systems render them increasingly precarious. Furthermore, though we depend so heavily on interconnected infrastructures, we do not fully understand the risks involved in their failure. Emery Roe and Paul R. Schulman argue that designs, policies, and laws often overlook the knowledge and experiences of those who manage these systems on the ground—reliability professionals who have vital insights that would be invaluable to planning. To combat this major blind spot, the athors construct a new theoretical perspective that reveals how to make sense of complex interconnected networks and improve reliability through management, regulation, and political leadership. To illustrate their approach in action, they present a multi-year case study of one of the world's most important "infrastructure crossroads," the San Francisco Bay-Delta. Reliability and Risk advances our understanding of what it takes to ensure the dependability of the intricate—and sometimes hazardous—systems on which we rely every day.

Nutritional Care of the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease

Nutritional Care of the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease
Author: Alan L Buchman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 3428
Release: 2015-08-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1138001236

This evidence-based book serves as a clinical manual as well as a reference guide for the diagnosis and management of common nutritional issues in relation to gastrointestinal disease. Chapters cover nutrition assessment; macro- and micronutrient absorption; malabsorption; food allergies; prebiotics and dietary fiber; probiotics and intestinal microflora; nutrition and GI cancer; nutritional management of reflux; nutrition in IBS and IBD; nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis; enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition; medical and endoscopic therapy of obesity; surgical therapy of obesity; pharmacologic nutrition, and nutritional counseling.

Reliability Analysis of Modern Power Systems

Reliability Analysis of Modern Power Systems
Author: R. K. Saket
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 581
Release: 2024-09-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1394226748

A reader-friendly introduction to reliability analysis and its power systems applications The subset of probability theory known as reliability theory analyzes the likelihood of failure in a given component or system under given conditions. It is a critical aspect of engineering as it concerns systems of all kinds, not least modern power systems, with their essential role in sustaining the technologies on which modern life relies. Reliability Analysis of Modern Power Systems is a thorough, accessible book introducing the core concepts of reliability theory as they apply to power systems engineering, as well as the advanced technologies currently driving new frontiers in reliability analysis. It is a must-own for anyone looking to understand and improve the systems that power our world. Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of reliability modeling and simulation of composite systems using Typhoon HIL 404 Reliability assessment of generation systems, transmission systems, distribution systems, and more Information on renewable energy integration for more sustainable power grids Reliability Analysis of Modern Power Systems is ideal for professionals, engineers, and researchers in power system design and reliability engineering, as well as for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these and related subjects.

Safety and Reliability. Theory and Applications

Safety and Reliability. Theory and Applications
Author: Marko Cepin
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 3668
Release: 2017-06-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351809733

Safety and Reliability – Theory and Applications contains the contributions presented at the 27th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2017, Portorož, Slovenia, June 18-22, 2017). The book covers a wide range of topics, including: • Accident and Incident modelling • Economic Analysis in Risk Management • Foundational Issues in Risk Assessment and Management • Human Factors and Human Reliability • Maintenance Modeling and Applications • Mathematical Methods in Reliability and Safety • Prognostics and System Health Management • Resilience Engineering • Risk Assessment • Risk Management • Simulation for Safety and Reliability Analysis • Structural Reliability • System Reliability, and • Uncertainty Analysis. Selected special sessions include contributions on: the Marie Skłodowska-Curie innovative training network in structural safety; risk approaches in insurance and fi nance sectors; dynamic reliability and probabilistic safety assessment; Bayesian and statistical methods, reliability data and testing; oganizational factors and safety culture; software reliability and safety; probabilistic methods applied to power systems; socio-technical-economic systems; advanced safety assessment methodologies: extended Probabilistic Safety Assessment; reliability; availability; maintainability and safety in railways: theory & practice; big data risk analysis and management, and model-based reliability and safety engineering. Safety and Reliability – Theory and Applications will be of interest to professionals and academics working in a wide range of industrial and governmental sectors including: Aeronautics and Aerospace, Automotive Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Energy Production and Distribution, Environmental Engineering, Information Technology and Telecommunications, Critical Infrastructures, Insurance and Finance, Manufacturing, Marine Industry, Mechanical Engineering, Natural Hazards, Nuclear Engineering, Offshore Oil and Gas, Security and Protection, Transportation, and Policy Making.