Relative Roles Of Ubf And Rrn3 In The Transcription Of The Ribosomal Rna Genes And Ribosome Biogenesis Determined Using In Vivo Mouse Models
Download Relative Roles Of Ubf And Rrn3 In The Transcription Of The Ribosomal Rna Genes And Ribosome Biogenesis Determined Using In Vivo Mouse Models full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Relative Roles Of Ubf And Rrn3 In The Transcription Of The Ribosomal Rna Genes And Ribosome Biogenesis Determined Using In Vivo Mouse Models ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author | : Chelsea Herdman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 177 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Ribosome biogenesis, or the synthesis of ribosomes, is an important cell process occurring in the nucleolus that utilizes transcription by all three nuclear RNA polymerases. The initial and rate-limiting step is the transcription of the catalytic ribosomal RNAs 28S, 18S and 5.8S in the form of a precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA/47S) by RNA polymerase I (RPI, also known as Pol1 and POLR1). RPI has a dedicated set of basal factors responsible for its activation. These are the architectural factor UBF, the TBP containing factor SL1, the initiation factor RRN3, and the termination factor TTF1. Ribosomal RNA synthesis is tightly regulated and accounts for 30-50% of total gene transcription. As such, this process is linked to cell growth, transformation, proliferation and the actions of tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Notably, UBF and RRN3 are activated by many of the same growth signaling pathways. The human and mouse haploid genome contain ~200 copies of the ribosomal RNA genes, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). These ribosomal DNA copies are arranged in tandem repeats on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. Interestingly, only a fraction of the rDNA copies are active, and a significant number are epigenetically silenced and heterochromatic. The reason for having so many copies and their regulation in vivo by silencing is not yet understood, though it has been connected with genome stability. This thesis presents the analysis of the in vivo requirements for UBF and RRN3 in rRNA transcription and rDNA chromatin structure. We had previously analyzed the loss of UBF in mouse embryonic fibroblasts using tamoxifen-dependent conditional knockout. As we wanted to compare the loss of RRN3 in a similar model, we re-analyzed the RRN3 knockout mice and created cell lines as was performed for the UBF knockout. Importantly, we find that RRN3 is essential for preimplantation and its loss arrests development at E3.5, contrary to previous work that showed a late E9.5 developmental arrest. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines conditional for UBF or RRN3, we found that the loss of either factor prevented RPI transcription. However, we found that UBF was essential for the recruitment of the other RPI transcription factors and the formation of the preinitiation complex, as well as to maintain an open rDNA chromatin structure, while RRN3 was required only for RPI recruitment. These studies allowed us to identify an upstream boundary element on the rDNA formed of H2A.Z, TTF1, CTCF and activating histone marks, which is independent of RPI activity. We also found that UBF loss, but not RRN3 loss, led to a synchronous and massive p53-independent apoptosis, specifically in oncogenically transformed cells. This strongly suggests that drug targeting UBF could be a viable cancer treatment. Finally, we have observed that the rDNA activity status in pluripotent cells differs from that of differentiated cells. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were also generated from the mice conditional for UBF and RRN3. Preliminary results indicate that, unlike somatic cells, all the rRNA genes in these and other pluripotent cell lines are potentially active. This makes ESCs and their differentiation an ideal model in which to study the establishment of rDNA silencing and the role of UBF and/or RRN3 in this process. Together these data define the in vivo roles of UBF and RRN3 in ribosomal RNA transcription and suggest mechanisms by which they maintain rDNA integrity and may drive cell differentiation.
Author | : Mark O. J. Olson |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 434 |
Release | : 2011-09-15 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1461405149 |
Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.
Author | : Tapas Kumar Kundu |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 698 |
Release | : 2012-11-13 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9400745257 |
Epigenetics fine-tunes the life processes dictated by DNA sequences, but also kick-starts pathophysiological processes including diabetes, AIDS and cancer. This volume tracks the latest research on epigenetics, including work on new-generation therapeutics.
Author | : Tom Moss |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 633 |
Release | : 2008-02-02 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1592592082 |
Dr. Tom Moss assembles the new standard collection of cutting-edge techniques to identify key protein-DNA interactions and define their components, their manner of interaction, and their manner of function, both in the cell and in the test tube. The techniques span a wide range, from factor identification to atomic detail, and include multiple DNA footprinting analyses, including in vivo strategies, gel shift (EMSA) optimization, SELEX, surface plasmon resonance, site-specific DNA-protein crosslinking, and UV laser crosslinking. Comprehensive and broad ranging, DNA-Protein Interactions: Principles and Protocols, 2nd Edition, offers a stellar array of over 100 up-to-date and readily reproducible techniques that biochemists and molecular, cellular, and developmental biologists can use successfully today to understand DNA-protein interactions.
Author | : Muller Fabbri |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 287 |
Release | : 2013-10-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1461484448 |
The discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.
Author | : Jeffrey N. Strathern |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 776 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : David Caramelli |
Publisher | : Mdpi AG |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 2021-12-17 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9783036525471 |
The development of high-throughput sequencing has triggered a revolution in the study of ancient DNA. In the last decade, methodological advances have allowed researchers to overcome some of the limits linked to the degradation and preservation of nucleic acids, improving the capacity of recovery and analysis of the ancient molecules. This fact, along with a wider accessibility to the next-generation sequencing platforms, has contributed to increase the number of genomic studies on ancient remains. This Special Issue, titled "Ancient and Archaic Genomes", collects original research articles that present different methods and aspects of the paleogenetic research applied to anthropological, archaeological, and historic questions. Interestingly, specific regional contexts and cultural aspects previously poorly studied from a genetic point of view are here investigated. This Special Issue, presenting different methodological approaches and applications, will be a useful resource for both students and young researchers who are interested in ancient DNA studies.
Author | : Walter S. Vincent |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 638 |
Release | : 1966 |
Genre | : Cell nuclei |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Andrew A. Chien |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 266 |
Release | : 2022-03-10 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 1009008382 |
The dramatic increase in computer performance has been extraordinary, but not for all computations: it has key limits and structure. Software architects, developers, and even data scientists need to understand how exploit the fundamental structure of computer performance to harness it for future applications. Ideal for upper level undergraduates, Computer Architecture for Scientists covers four key pillars of computer performance and imparts a high-level basis for reasoning with and understanding these concepts: Small is fast – how size scaling drives performance; Implicit parallelism – how a sequential program can be executed faster with parallelism; Dynamic locality – skirting physical limits, by arranging data in a smaller space; Parallelism – increasing performance with teams of workers. These principles and models provide approachable high-level insights and quantitative modelling without distracting low-level detail. Finally, the text covers the GPU and machine-learning accelerators that have become increasingly important for mainstream applications.
Author | : Peter Hemmerich |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 360 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Function with various diseases, and a small group of new live cell and fluorescence imaging techniques. Annotation : 2005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).