Relation Between Spark-ignition Engine Knock, Detonation Waves, and Autoignition as Shown by High-speed Photography

Relation Between Spark-ignition Engine Knock, Detonation Waves, and Autoignition as Shown by High-speed Photography
Author: Cearcy D. Miller
Publisher:
Total Pages: 72
Release: 1946
Genre: Combustion
ISBN:

A critical review of literature bearing on the autoignition and detonation-wave theories of spark-ignition engine knock and on the nature of gas vibrations associated with combustion and knock results in the conclusion that neither the autoignition theory nor the detonation-wave theory is an adequate explanation of spark-ignition engine knock. A knock theory is proposed, combining the autoignition and detonation-wave theories, introducing the idea that the detonation wave develops in autoignited or afterburning gases, and ascribing comparatively low-pitched heavy knocks to autoignition but high-pitched pinging knocks to detonation waves with the possibility of combinations of the two types of knock.

Analysis of Spark-ignition Engine Knock as Seen in Photographs Taken at 200,000 Frames a Second

Analysis of Spark-ignition Engine Knock as Seen in Photographs Taken at 200,000 Frames a Second
Author: Cearcy D. Miller
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 1946
Genre: Combustion
ISBN:

A motion-picture of the development of knock in a spark-ignition engine is presented, which consists of 20 photographs taken at intervals of 5 microseconds, or at a rate of 200,000 photographs a second, with an equivalent wide-open exposure time of 6.4 microseconds for each photograph. A motion picture of a complete combustion process, including the development of knock, taken at the rate of 40,000 photographs a second is also presented to assist the reader in orienting the photographs of the knock development taken at 200,000 frames per second are analyzed and the conclusion is made that the type of knock in the spark-ignition engine involving violent gas vibration originates as a self-propagating disturbance starting at a point in the burning or autoigniting gases and spreading out from that point through the incompletely burned gases at a rate as high as 6800 feet per second, or about twice the speed of sound in the burned gases. Apparent formation of free carbon particles in both the burning and the burned gas is observed within 10 microseconds after passage of the knock disturbance through the gases.

Knocking Combustion Observed in a Spark-ignition Engine with Simultaneous Direct and Schlieren High-speed Motion Pictures and Pressure Records

Knocking Combustion Observed in a Spark-ignition Engine with Simultaneous Direct and Schlieren High-speed Motion Pictures and Pressure Records
Author: Gordon E. Osterstrom
Publisher:
Total Pages: 66
Release: 1948
Genre: Combustion
ISBN:

This report support simultaneous direct and schlieren photographs at 40,000 frames a second and correlated pressure records taken of knocking combustion in a special spark-ignition engine to ascertain intensity of certain end-zone reactions previously seen by schlieren photography alone.

Collection of Test Data for Lateral Control with Full-span Flaps

Collection of Test Data for Lateral Control with Full-span Flaps
Author: Jack Fischel
Publisher:
Total Pages: 612
Release: 1948
Genre: Ailerons
ISBN:

A collection of available test data on lateral control with full-span flaps is presented. The lateral-control effectiveness and hinge-moment data presented include the characteristics of spoiler devices and ailerons with retractable flaps. The basic data presented on the various flap and aileron combinations should facilitate the design of full-span-flap laterial-control arrangements. A discussion is given of the characteristics of the lateral-control devices considered and of the application of the data to specific airplane design.