This casebook explores the law of hard minerals, as opposed to oil and gas law. It presents the law dealing with mineral estates, mining easements, mineral leases, and mining operations on private land, with particular reference to state and federal regulatory schemes inherent in the federal Surface Mining Control and Regulation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), as amended. From the mine, the book follows the stream of commerce for coal to the electric utility plant, exploring its transportation and the energy and environmental law regulatory schemes applicable at many points along the way, with particular reference to utility rate regulation and the Clean Air Act amendments from the 1970s forward.