This report outlines what is known about the requirements for optimal development during the first 3 years of life, considers the ways in which society might reverse the trends toward risk for families and children, and describes the necessary conditions for families to function well in the interests of their young children. Part 1 describes "the quiet crisis," documenting the conditions of children and their families from the prenatal period to age 3, and describing how the nation neglects children in this age group. Factors contributing to this crisis, including poverty, abuse and neglect, changing family structures, and adults' isolation are discussed. Part II discusses starting points for helping young children, specifically, promoting responsible parenthood, guaranteeing quality child care choices, ensuring good health and protection, and mobilizing communities to support young children and their families. Part III presents specific recommendations for action in the areas discussed in the preceding section. Four appendixes list consultants to the task force, papers commissioned by the task force, invitees to the task force's "Services that Work" Meeting, and biographies of task force members and staff. Over 150 references and an index of community programs for parents and young children are included. (HTH)