This report summarizes HIV prevalence and the associations between HIV serostatus and several key characteristics and behaviors of adult women and men in 22 developing countries, using data from nationally representative DHS and AIS surveys conducted between 2001 and 2006. The countries includes are by region: Sub-Saharan Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Latin America and Caribbean: the Dominican Republic, Haiti; Asia: Cambodia, India, Vietnam (the Hi Phong province).