Realismus Disziplin Interdisziplinaritat
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| Author | : Dariusz Aleksandrowicz |
| Publisher | : Rodopi |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9789042015357 |
Vom Blickpunkt der Wissenschaftslehre des Kritischen Rationalismus aus erscheint der Gedanke, es solle über die Grenzen der Disziplinen hinweg theoretisiert und geforscht werden, als keine atemberaubende Erfindung. Das Wort Interdisziplinarität ist nicht eindeutig, was man aber sinnvollerweise darunter verstehen kann, betrachtet der kritische Rationalismus als eine Konsequenz des (metaphysischen) Realismus. Deswegen weist das Thema Realismus auf den Kontext hin, in dem das Problem der Interdisziplinarität gestellt werden kann. Das kommt in den Beiträgen des ersten Teils des Sammelbandes zum Ausdruck. Die im zweiten Teil versammelten Abhandlungen betreffen Fragen, die sich aus der "disziplinenübergreifenden" Anwendung der kritisch-rationalen Ansätze auf spezielle Probleme ergeben.
| Author | : Marijke Gijswijt-Hofstra |
| Publisher | : Rodopi |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 9789042015777 |
The long twentieth century has witnessed a tremendous upsurge in new drugs, remedies and therapeutic strategies. The cultural environments in which they emerged, the social circumstances from which they sprang, and the social effects that remedies engendered are treated in depth in this collection of essays.
| Author | : Spencer Scoular |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 329 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1490548343 |
Albert Einstein once wrote: "The supreme task of the physicist is to arrive at those universal laws from which the cosmos can be built up by pure deduction." Remarkably, in this book we arrive at those universal axioms from which universal science can be built up by pure deduction. Within the prevailing paradigm of science - the mathematical philosophy of nature - we show it is not possible to unify science. To overcome this limitation we introduce a new, more general paradigm. Since the new paradigm is a generalisation of the mathematical philosophy of nature, we are able to retain the mathematical knowledge built up within the prevailing paradigm. Within the new paradigm we introduce four empirical universal axioms, from which we deduce that it is not possible to mathematically unify the two fundamental theories of physics - quantum theory and general relativity. Instead, from the universal axioms we logically deduce the first symmetry of nature, the first invariance of nature, the universal arrow of time, the universal laws of nature, and the three universal dynamic theories of nature - quantum theory, general relativity and universal evolution. The first symmetry of nature and first invariance of nature arise from the constancy of the universal laws of nature not only being a symmetry, but a unifying symmetry. The biological view of universal evolution provides a new theory of biological evolution that replaces what we show is the deficient neo-Darwinian synthesis. In a similar way, theories of evolution in all the sciences are based on their respective views of universal evolution. From the universal axioms, we deduce the universal features of nature thereby unifying physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, sociology, economics and all of science. This book is written for scientifically-inclined general readers, teachers, students, scientists, philosophers, physicists, chemists, biologists, psychologists, sociologists, and economists.
| Author | : Hardy Bouillon |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 195 |
| Release | : 2011-03-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1136812350 |
Stakeholder value, corporate social responsibility and sustainability: Are these, and similar, concepts sufficiently clear for fruitful research in business ethics? What is the benchmark to prove their utility? Business Ethics and the Austrian Tradition in Economics is a treatise on the fundamental questions of business ethics and addresses significant shortcomings in the field. It is the result of correlating reflections on phenomena, resulting from an intersection of ethics, economics, methodology, and political and social philosophy. Sparked by the business ethicists’ tendency to consider certain areas outside their field and accept others unquestioningly, this book provides answers in the tradition of Austrian Economics and, in particular, of Hayek and Popper. Through detailed examination and reflection, this book presents the thesis that many themes in business ethics are discussed either unduly intensely, unbalanced or rarely, measured against what business ethics as a science should deliver. It does so by offering an answer to one of the most crucial questions in business ethics, namely that of justice in moral economic actions. Bouillon develops an original definition of morally just economic action in the course of three chapters, and subsequently uses it as yardstick, from which, in chapter four, he reads which of the relevant concepts and topics in business ethics ask for restatement. As a side-product Bouillon discloses logical inconsistencies in prominent political philosophies, and the consequences of these inconsistencies for maldevelopments in business ethics. Business Ethics and the Austrian Tradition in Economics illustrates and analyses the business etchics’ peculiarities particularly within German literature, providing the reader with a focus rarely found elsewhere. This book should be of interest to economics postgraduates and researchers looking at business ethics, economic theory, and social and political philosophy.
| Author | : Heather Dyke |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0415956692 |
This book is an investigation into metaphysics: its aims, scope, methodology and practice. Dyke argues that metaphysics should (and on the whole does) take itself to be concerned with investigating the fundamental nature of reality, and suggests that the ontological significance of language has been grossly exaggerated in the pursuit of that aim.
| Author | : Heather Dyke |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 321 |
| Release | : 2009-06-02 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1135246912 |
Questions about truth and questions about reality are intimately connected. One can ask whether numbers exist by asking "Are there numbers?" But one can also ask what arguably amounts to the same question by asking "Is the sentence 'There are numbers' true?" Such semantic ascent implies that reality can be investigated by investigating our true sentences. This line of thought was dominant in twentieth century philosophy, but is now beginning to be called into question. In From Truth to Reality, Heather Dyke brings together some of the foremost metaphysicians to examine approaches to truth, reality, and the connections between the two. This collection features new and previously unpublished material by JC Beall, Mark Colyvan, Michael Devitt, John Heil, Frank Jackson, Fred Kroon, D. H. Mellor, Luca Moretti, Alan Musgrave, Robert Nola, J. J. C. Smart, Paul Snowdon, and Daniel Stoljar.
| Author | : Gary N. Kemp |
| Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
| Total Pages | : 341 |
| Release | : 2024-11-25 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 1040258328 |
This volume features new essays on the application, justification, and role of naturalism in philosophical inquiry. It serves as an important update on current controversies about naturalism. The contributors include leading figures who have written on naturalism and its relevance to a wide range of issues across philosophical subdisciplines. The chapters discuss how naturalism can be properly employed in different philosophical areas such as epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of religion, philosophy of time, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of memory, cognitive science, ethics, meta-ethics, and normativity. Naturalism and Its Challenges will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in a wide range of philosophical disciplines.
| Author | : Agustín Rayo |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 407 |
| Release | : 2006-11-23 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0199276420 |
Is it possible to quantify over absolutely all there is? Or must all of our quantifiers range over a less-than-all-inclusive domain? It has commonly been thought that the question of absolute generality is intimately connected with the set-theoretic antinomies. But the topic of absolute generality has enjoyed a surge of interest in recent years. It has become increasingly apparent that its ramifications extend well beyond the foundations of set theory. Connections include semanticindeterminacy, logical consequence, higher-order languages, and metaphysics.Rayo and Uzquiano present for the first time a collection of essays on absolute generality. These newly commissioned articles -- written by an impressive array of international scholars -- draw the reader into the forefront of contemporary research on the subject. The volume represents a variety of approaches to the problem, with some of the contributions arguing for the possibility of all-inclusive quantification and some of them arguing against it. An introduction by the editors draws ahelpful map of the philosophical terrain.
| Author | : John Heil |
| Publisher | : Clarendon Press |
| Total Pages | : 284 |
| Release | : 2003-05-01 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0191531855 |
Is the world hierarchically arranged, incorporating 'levels' of reality? What is the nature of objects and properties? What does 'realism' about ordinary objects or states of mind demand? When an assertion is true, what makes it true? Are natural properties best regarded as qualities or powers or some combination of these? What are colours? What explains the 'projective' character of intentionality? What is the nature of consciousness, and what relation do conscious experiences bear to material states and processes? From an Ontological Point of View endeavours to provide answers to such questions through an examination of ground-floor issues in ontology. The result is an account of the fundamental constituents of the world around us and an application of this account to problems dominating recent work in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics. The book, written in an accessible, non-technical style, is intended for non-specialists as well as seasoned metaphysicians.
| Author | : Nicholaus Rescher |
| Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
| Total Pages | : 326 |
| Release | : 2013-05-02 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 3110319535 |
Few philosophical issues have had as long and elaborate a history as the problem of free will, which has been contested at every stage of the history of the subject. The present work practices an extensive bibliography of this elaborate literature, listing some five thousand items ranging from classical antiquity to the present.
