Ray Optics
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| Author | : R. K. Verma |
| Publisher | : Discovery Publishing House |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Optics |
| ISBN | : 9788183561136 |
This book Ray Optics cover the syllabus of ray optics for most of the universities in India. The language of this book has been kept simple as could be consistent with precision and brevity detained descriptions of experiments are not given. It is sincerely hoped that fellow teachers will find this text book exciting and the student will find it interesting and useful. Criticism and suggestions for further improvement shall be gratefully acknowledged. Contents: Light, Fermat s Principle and its Applications, Ray Optics, Lenses, Cardinal Points of an Optical System, Thick Lenses, Matrix Methods, Dispersion, Lens Aberrations, Optical Instruments, Speed of Light.
| Author | : Yuri Shvyd'ko |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 416 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540408908 |
The use of x rays has moved in the forefront of science and technology in the second half of the 20th century. This progress has been greatly stimulated by the advent of synchrotron x-ray sources in the 1960s. The undulator-based synchrotron radiation sources which have appeared in the last decade of the 20th century gave a new impetus to such development. The brilliance of the x-ray sources has increased by 12 orders of magnitude in 40 years and this trend does not show any signs of stagnation. The future x-ray sources of the 21th century based on free-electron lasers driven by linear accelerators will provide sub-picosecond radiation pulses with by many orders of magnitude higher brilliance and full transverse coherence. The x-ray sources of the newest generation offer a possibility to realize more than ever before the great potential of x-ray optics and, as a consequence, to elaborate new sophisticated instrumentation with unprecedented resolution and eventually to move in new directions of research in x-ray technology, materials science, fundamental physics, life sciences, etc.
| Author | : Volker Perlick |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 222 |
| Release | : 2003-07-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540466622 |
This book is about the mathematical theory of light propagation in media on general-relativistic spacetimes. The first part discusses the transition from Maxwell's equations to ray optics. The second part establishes a general mathematical framework for treating ray optics as a theory in its own right, making extensive use of the Hamiltonian formalism. This part also includes a detailed discussion of variational principles (i.e., various versions of Fermat's principle) for light rays in general-relativistic media. Some applications, e.g. to gravitational lensing, are worked out. The reader is assumed to have some basic knowledge of general relativity and some familiarity with differential geometry. Some of the results are published here for the first time, e.g. a general-relativistic version of Fermat's principle for light rays in a medium that has to satisfy some regularity condition only.
| Author | : Richard Ditteon |
| Publisher | : Wiley-Interscience |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1997-11-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780471169222 |
From basic terms and concepts to advanced optimization techniques-a complete, practical introduction to modern geometrical optics Most books on geometrical optics present only matrix methods. Modern Geometrical Optics, although it covers matrix methods, emphasizes y-nu ray tracing methods, which are used most commonly by optical engineers and are easier to adapt to third-order optics and y-??? diagrams. Moving by logical degrees from fundamental principles to advanced optical analysis and design methods, this book bridges the gap between the optical theory taught in introductory physics texts and advanced books on lens design. Providing the background material needed to understand advanced material, it covers important topics such as field of view, stops, pupils and windows, exact ray tracing, image quality, and optimization of the image. Important features of Modern Geometrical Optics include: * Examples of all important techniques presented * Extensive problem sets in each chapter * Optical analysis and design software * Chapters covering y-??? diagrams, optimization, and lens design This book is both a primer for professionals called upon to design optical systems and an ideal text for courses in modern geometrical optics. Companion Software Special lens design and analysis software capable of solving all problems presented in the book is available via Wiley's FTP site. This software also serves as an introduction to the use of commercial lens design software. Appendix C is a user's manual for the software.
| Author | : Milton Katz |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789812382245 |
This book is the culmination of twenty-five years of teaching Geometrical Optics. The volume is organised such that the single spherical refracting surface is the basic optical element. Spherical mirrors are treated as special cases of refraction, with the same applicable equations. Thin lens equations follow as combinations of spherical refracting surfaces while the cardinal points of the thick lens make it equivalent to a thin lens. Ultimately, one set of vergence equations are applicable to all these elements.The chapters are devoted to in-depth treatments of stops, pupils and ports; magnifiers, microscopes, telescopes, and camera lenses; ophthalmic instruments; resolving power and MTF; trigonometric ray tracing; and chromatic and monochromatic aberrations. There are over 100 worked examples, 400 homework problems and 400 illustrations.First published in 1994 by Penumbra Publishing Co.
| Author | : Qiushi Huang |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 95 |
| Release | : 2023-02-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 2832513182 |
| Author | : Carolyn A. MacDonald |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 366 |
| Release | : 2017-06-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0691139652 |
In this book, Carolyn A. MacDonald provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of a wide range of x-ray applications, optics, and analysis tools. Theory is applied to practical considerations of optics and applications ranging from astronomy to medical imaging and materials analysis. Emphasizing common physical concepts that underpin diverse phenomena and applications of x-ray physics, the book opens with a look at nuclear medicine, motivating further investigations into scattering, detection, and noise statistics. The second section explores topics in x-ray generation, including characteristic emission, x-ray fluorescence analysis, bremsstrahlung emission, and synchrotron and laser sources. The third section details the main forms of interaction, including the physics of photoelectric absorption, coherent and Compton scattering, diffraction, and refractive, reflective, and diffractive optics. Applications in this section include x-ray spectroscopy, crystallography, and dose and contrast in radiography. A bibliography is included at the end of every chapter, and solutions to chapter problems are provided in the appendix. Based on a course for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and related sciences and also intended for researchers, An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications offers a thorough survey of the physics of x-ray generation and of interaction with materials. Common aspects of diverse phenomena emphasized Theoretical development tied to practical applications Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics or related sciences, as well as researchers Examples and problems include applications drawn from medicine, astronomy, and materials analysis Detailed solutions are provided for all examples and problems
| Author | : Michael Ware |
| Publisher | : Lulu.com |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Electromagnetic waves |
| ISBN | : 1312929278 |
| Author | : Amalia Torre |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 541 |
| Release | : 2005-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080535534 |
Ray, wave and quantum concepts are central to diverse and seemingly incompatible models of light. Each model particularizes a specific ''manifestation'' of light, and then corresponds to adequate physical assumptions and formal approximations, whose domains of applicability are well-established. Accordingly each model comprises its own set of geometric and dynamic postulates with the pertinent mathematical means.At a basic level, the book is a complete introduction to the Wigner optics, which bridges between ray and wave optics, offering the optical phase space as the ambience and the Wigner function based technique as the mathematical machinery to accommodate between the two opposite extremes of light representation: the localized ray of geometrical optics and the unlocalized wave function of wave optics.At a parallel level, the analogies with other branches of both classical and quantum physics, like classical and quantum mechanics, quantum optics, signal theory as well as magnetic optics, are evidenced by pertinent comments and/or rigorous mathematics. So, the Lie algebra and group methods are introduced and explained through the elementary optical systems within both the ray and wave optics contexts, the former being related to the symplectic group and the latter to the metaplectic group. In a like manner, the Wigner function is introduced by following the original issue to individualize a phase space representation of quantum mechanics, which is mirrored by the issue to individualize a local frequency spectrum within the signal theory context. The basic analogy with the optics of charged particles inherently underlying the ray-optics picture in phase space is also evidenced within the wave-optics picture in the Wigner phase space. · amalgamation of a great deal of contributions having witnessed the phase space picture of optics over the past 30 years· introduces abstract concepts through concrete systems· hosts of figures and logical diagrams to favour intuition and to introduce mathematics· emphasis on the interrelations with quantum optics, signal theory and magnetic optics · feeds a feeling for genuine issues in higher mathematics and theoretical physics
| Author | : Amalia Torre |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 662 |
| Release | : 2020-06-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0444636080 |
Linear Ray and Wave Optics in Phase Space, Second Edition, is a comprehensive introduction to Wigner optics. The book connects ray and wave optics, offering the optical phase space as the ambience and the Wigner function based technique as the mathematical machinery to accommodate between the two opposite extremes of light representation: the localized ray of geometrical optics and the unlocalized wave function of wave optics. Analogies with other branches of classical and quantum physics—such as classical and quantum mechanics, quantum optics, signal theory and magnetic optics—are evidenced by pertinent comments and/or rigorous mathematics. Lie algebra and group methods are introduced and explained through the elementary optical systems within the ray and wave optics contexts, the former being related to the symplectic group and the latter to the metaplectic group. In a similar manner, the Wigner function is introduced by following the original issue to individualize a phase space representation of quantum mechanics, which is mirrored by the issue to individualize a local frequency spectrum within the signal theory context. The basic analogy with the optics of charged particles inherently underlying the ray-optics picture in phase space is also evidenced within the wave-optics picture in the Wigner phase space. This second edition contains 150 pages of new material on Wigner distribution functions, ambiguity functions for partially coherent beams, and phase-space picture and fast optics. All chapters are fully revised and updated. All topics have been developed to a deeper level than in the previous edition and are now supported with Mathematica and Mathcad codes. Provides powerful tools to solve problems in quantum mechanics, quantum optics and signal theory Includes numerous examples supporting a gradual and comprehensive introduction to Wigner optics Treats both ray and wave optics, resorting to Lie-algebra based methods Connects the subject with other fields, such as quantum optics, quantum mechanics, signal theory and optics of charged particles Introduces abstract concepts through concrete examples Includes logical diagrams to introduce mathematics in an intuitive way Contains 150 pages of new material on Wigner distribution functions, ambiguity functions for partially coherent beams, and phase-space picture and fast optics Supported with Mathematica and Mathcad codes
