Quasi Fiscal Operations Of Public Financial Institutions
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Author | : Mr.George A. Mackenzie |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 58 |
Release | : 1996-10-24 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781557755834 |
Central banks and other public financial institutions act as agents of fiscal policy in many countries. Their "quasi-fiscal" operations and activities can affect the overall public sector balance without affecting the budget deficit as conventionally measured, may also have important allocative effects, and increase the effective size of the public sector. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic and financial effects of such quasi-fiscal activities, as well as the taxes, subsidies, and other expenditures that such activities introduce outside the budget. Measurement and accounting issues are addressed, and policy recommendations are offered.
Author | : Mr.Jeffrey M. Davis |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 18 |
Release | : 1997-05-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451972571 |
Current guidelines and practice for classifying government bank assistance operations inadequately capture in the fiscal balance some of the most common, and important, operations. The shortcomings result from the focus on the general government, the exclusion of non-cash operations, and divergences between the timing of cash outlays and the economic impact of assistance operations. Complementing the standard measures of the fiscal balance with an “augmented” balance would provide a definition that is transparent, comprehensive, and reasonably comparable across countries. The augmented balance would explicitly incorporate the major quantifiable fiscal costs of bank assistance operations that are not already included in current definitions of the overall balance.
Author | : Philippe Le Houerou |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 36 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Banks and banking, Central |
ISBN | : |
To assess fully the effect of adjustment programs and development strategies, it is essential that the fiscal deficit include quasi- fiscal deficits-- the losses of public financial institutions such as the central bank. A flow- of- funds format may be the best approach for doing so, as this case shows.
Author | : John Hooley |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 48 |
Release | : 2023-06-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
We develop a stylized balance sheet framework to help identify ‘quasi-fiscal’ components of central bank crisis interventions and show how sources of fiscal risk are created from both the new claims and how they are funded. Combining central bank balance sheet data with survey evidence from intervention announcements, we document the risks to the public sector balance sheet from central banks’ interventions in response to the Covid-19 crisis, including non-conventional lending to the financial and non-financial sectors and large-scale purchases of government securities. Case study analysis indicates that management of fiscal risks from central bank crisis interventions varies greatly across countries, although several good practices can be identified.
Author | : Sònia Muñoz |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 26 |
Release | : 2007-04 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Zimbabwe's failure to address continuing central bank quasi-fiscal losses has interfered with both monetary management and the independence and credibility of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ). Realized quasi-fiscal losses are estimated to have amounted to about 75 percent of GDP in 2006. Because they were financed by creating money creation or issuing RBZ securities, they contributed to the four-digit inflation reached in 2006. The remedy for the current situation is clearly to eliminate the causes of losses by implementing measures to improve the cash-flow of the bank and restore its financial position.
Author | : Mr.Vito Tanzi |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 22 |
Release | : 1995-10-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451852347 |
Comparisons about the role of the government in an economy are usually made by reference to the share of tax revenue or of public expenditure in gross domestic product. However, governments often use other tools for pursuing their objectives. The paper discusses these other tools, shows the extent to which they can replace the traditional fiscal instruments, and assesses their quantitative importance. Various highly speculative hypotheses are advanced about the role of these other tools in countries at different levels of development.
Author | : Mr.J. D. Craig |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 1998-02-03 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 155775697X |
Transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude. Notably, the Interim Committee, at its April and September 1996 meetings, stressed the need for greater fiscal transparency. Prompted by these concerns, this paper represents a first attempt to address many of the aspects of transparency in government operations. It provides an overview of major issues in fiscal transparency and examines the IMF's role in promoting transparency in government operations.
Author | : Mr.Peter Stella |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 1997-07-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451850506 |
Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.
Author | : John Hooley |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 27 |
Release | : 2023-06-02 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
This paper presents case studies of central bank crisis interventions during the Covid-19 and the Global Financial Crises in four jurisdictions (Canada, Chile, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The paper serves as an Annex to the main IMF Working Paper WP/23/114 ‘Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions.’
Author | : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Department |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 96 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
In preparing the Manual, a number of points have been taken into account. First, the Code is being implemented on a voluntary basis. To promote an appreciation of the rationale for the Code, and an understanding of its fiscal transparency requirements, the Manual sets out in detail the principles and practices included in the Code. However, because of the complexity of fiscal management systems, the Manual does not provide comprehensive directions on how all the good practices are to be put in place. Instead, it contains numerous references and website addresses that can assist with the practical implementation of the Code. Second, fiscal transparency is only one aspect of good fiscal management, and care is needed to distinguish fiscal transparency from two other key aspects, namely the efficiency of fiscal policy, and the soundness of public finances. Third, diversity of institutional backgrounds and capacity constraints to improving fiscal management are clearly recognized. For this reason, the Code is not a best practice standard. Rather, it is a set of good practices that can be implemented by most countries over the medium to longer term.