Quasi-biennial Oscillation and Atmospheric Structure in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
Author | : Mohammad Rahmatullah |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 39 |
Release | : 1967* |
Genre | : Mesosphere |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Mohammad Rahmatullah |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 39 |
Release | : 1967* |
Genre | : Mesosphere |
ISBN | : |
Author | : PLUMB |
Publisher | : Birkhäuser |
Total Pages | : 465 |
Release | : 2013-11-21 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3034858256 |
PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
Author | : James Holton |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2016-06-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1935704311 |
Interest in the meteorology of the stratosphere and mesophere has been simulated in the past few years by concerns over possible depletion of the ozone layer as a result of reactions involving pollutants introduced by human activities. Concurrently there has been an upsurge in research on various aspects of the meteorology of the stratosphere. This monograph provides an account of the fundamental dynamical processes which control the general circulation of the stratosphere and mesophere and are thus responsible for the transport of trace substances in that region of the atmosphere. Principles necessary for understanding the dynamics of large-scale motions in the stratosphere and mesosphere are systematically developed so that this monograph should prove useful not only as a reference work for research scientists, but as a textbook for courses in dynamic meteorology of the upper atmosphere.
Author | : David G. Andrews |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 502 |
Release | : 2016-07-21 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0080954677 |
For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 92 |
Release | : 1972 |
Genre | : Mesosphere |
ISBN | : |
"Meteorological soundings of the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, conducted with in situ rocket techniques during all seasons of the year from several sites, ranging in latitude from 8 deg S to 71 deg N, are analyzed. The resulting data are compiled into mean monthly and seasonal profiles of temperature, pressure, density, and wind for each site and are presented in graphical and tabular form. Analyses of these mean values produced time cross sections, quasi-meridional cross sections, and constant level maps which are included."--NTIS abstract.
Author | : Gerald V. Groves |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 214 |
Release | : 1971 |
Genre | : Atmosphere |
ISBN | : |
This report has been prepared as part of the activities of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) panel on a new reference atmosphere, which will aid in the design of aircraft, missiles and satellites. It combines a review of observational results obtained over approximately the last six years on temperature, pressure, density and winds with new models for the seasonal and latitudinal dependence of these parameters at heights from 25 km to the lower thermosphere. The temperature, pressure and density models extend from 25 to 110 km and are identical with those previously given in Report AFCRL-70-0261, May 1970 (Air Force Surveys in Geophysics, No. 218). W-E wind models are presented separately for the regions 25 to 60 km and 60 to (approximately) 120 km. Three W-E wind models from 25 to 60 km are presented corresponding to N. American data, European/W. Asian data, and S. Hemisphere data. A model for the quasi-biennial oscillation in W-E winds at low latitudes is given. Other variations, such as diurnal (tidal) variations, and S-N winds are dealt with in the review of observational data.
Author | : K. Mohanakumar |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 424 |
Release | : 2008-07-03 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1402082177 |
Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.
Author | : Allen E. Cole |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 1974 |
Genre | : Atmosphere, Upper |
ISBN | : |
Periodic fluctuations in the annual temperature and density distributions based on rocket observations at heights between 30 to 90 km are presented in terms of amplitude and phase as a function of height and latitude. The phases of the semi-annual components in arctic and subarctic regions are markedly different at levels in the upper stratosphere if the analyses are based on monthly medians rather than monthly means. Means and medians are considerably different at these altitudes during the winter months in this region due to stratospheric and mesospheric warmings.
Author | : Carl Gerald Justus |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 100 |
Release | : 1973 |
Genre | : Atmosphere, Upper |
ISBN | : |
Author | : W. L. Grose |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 299 |
Release | : 2016-06-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1483104451 |
The Earth's Middle Atmosphere covers the Proceedings of Symposium C2 and the Topical Meetings of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commissions A and C (Meetings A7 and C4) of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting held in Washington, DC, USA, on August 28-September 5, 1992. The first part covers the impact of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) observations on middle atmosphere science. This topic includes the early results of the validation and the application of the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) data, which is an instrumental approach to the measurement of thermal infrared spectral emission from the atmospheric limb. An overview of the Halogen Occultation Experiment and the use of the UARS data in the NOAA stratospheric monitoring are also discussed in this part. It also includes the observed solar UV irradiance variations of importance to middle atmosphere energetic and photochemistry, as well as the stratospheric and mesospheric observations with the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder. The second part of the book tackles the energetics and chemistry of the middle atmosphere as well as the dynamics and coupling of the middle atmosphere to regions above and below. Results on the validation of the UARS wind and temperature measurements at and above the mesopause comprise the third part of this book. This book will be a great value to geophysicists and atmospheric scientists.