Prudent And Efficient Use Of Antimicrobials In Pigs And Poultry
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Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
Total Pages | : 44 |
Release | : 2019-10-30 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9251318913 |
Antimicrobials are widely used in both humans and livestock and have greatly contributed to better human and animal health. However, these benefits are being threatened by the global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Because humans and animals often share the same bacteria and may be treated with the same types of antibacterial drugs, resistance to antibiotics is the most critical aspect of AMR for the livestock sector. One way to mitigate the emergence of AMR is to reduce the overall use of antibiotics by combining prudent and medically rational use with other disease preventive measures. This manual will contribute to addressing the challenge of AMR by promoting the prevention of infections and the prudent use of antibiotics in the pig and poultry sectors, the livestock sectors that generally have the highest use of antibiotics. It should be regarded as a practical complement to national governance and regulatory measures. The manual is intended to assist pharmacists, veterinarians, other animal health workers, farm owners and their staff in using antibiotics in a prudent and medically efficient way without loss in productivity. It is especially targeted to farmers with commercialized medium- or large-scale production, veterinarians and other animal health personnel in non-EU Eastern European and Balkan countries, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, who are dealing with pigs and poultry. However, in many cases the principles and practices described here are universally useful and may be applied elsewhere.
Author | : World Health Organization |
Publisher | : World Health Organization |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2017-11-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9789241550130 |
WHO has launched new guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using antibiotics routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 1999-01-12 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309175771 |
The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
Author | : Clinton Bippert |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
"Antimicrobials have been an important tool in agriculture for decades, used for the treatment and prevention of diseases as well as to improve growth and feed efficiency. However, the mechanisms behind why they increase growth and improve feed efficiency are still unclear with many contradictory results. It is believed to be, at least in part, associated with changes to the gut microbiome. In order to better determine the effects of antimicrobials on animals and their gut microbiome, a meta-analysis was conducted across 20 pig studies and 19 chicken studies involving antimicrobial treatments. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were evaluated for production parameters. Alpha and beta diversity were explored to determine differences in the gut microbiome. Differential abundance was calculated to determine specific bacterial species that correlated with antimicrobial usage.Our study found that overall antimicrobial usage increased average daily gain and feed efficiency by less than 2% for both pigs and chickens. In addition, antimicrobial use had little to no effect on the alpha diversity for pigs and chickens. However, it may have a stronger effect on beta diversity. Several species were identified that correlated, negatively or positively, with antimicrobial usage. One family of bacteria, Veillonellaceae from the Firmicutes phylum, was shown to be more prominent in samples without antimicrobials in both chickens and pigs. Our study also emphasizes the importance of standardization between studies and the need for proper recording of data for improvement of data analysis in the future. Due to the negligible gain that antimicrobial contribute and their associated costs, including economical and societal costs, our study provides further evidence for the removal of antimicrobials as growth promoters"--
Author | : Lucie Pokludová |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 391 |
Release | : 2020-12-07 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 303046721X |
This first volume in a two-volume work enhances readers’ understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in selected bacterial species that cause diseases in major food producing animals. It provides an overview of the current legislation and policies seeking to regulate the authorisation, manufacturing, distribution and use of veterinary antimicrobials in practice in a way that helps to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The focus is put on Europe, without neglecting the global context. Moreover, attention is paid to various uses of antimicrobials in livestock, considering both their risks and benefits, from the distant past to the present. Growth promotion, prophylaxis, metaphylaxis, diagnostics and treatment are discussed not only with regard to food production and animal health, but also considering the One Health concept, which combines public and animal health with environmental aspects. A summary of various systems for monitoring the use of antimicrobials is provided, as well as an overview of the diseases that European veterinarians most often treat with antimicrobials. In closing, the book addresses the complexity of recent measures that are of key importance for antimicrobial stewardship, e.g. biosecurity, vaccination and other preventive tools including the newest technologies like smart farming. The complete two-volume work provides an extensive review of various aspects related to the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, especially considering major food producing species, their most common infectious diseases and causative pathogens, and mainly focusing on the situation in Europe, without ignoring the global context. While Volume I discusses more general aspects of antibiotic use such as regulatory, laboratory and practical issues from different perspectives, Volume II more specifically discusses medical aspects and the use of antimicrobials in cattle, pigs, poultry and horses, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, two of the most important factors determining the success of treatment. In both volumes, each chapter confronts the reader with open questions to stimulate further discussions and future research on the topics covered.
Author | : OECD |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 138 |
Release | : 2016-07-04 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264253238 |
The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 provides an assessment of prospects for the coming decade of the agricultural commodity markets across 41 countries and 12 regions, including OECD countries and key agricultural producers, such as India, China, Brazil, the Russian Federation and Argentina.
Author | : |
Publisher | : World Health Organization |
Total Pages | : 60 |
Release | : 2020-11-30 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9240013962 |
Author | : Steeve Giguère |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 49 |
Release | : 2013-07-25 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 111867507X |
The Fifth Edition of Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, the most comprehensive reference available on veterinary antimicrobial drug use, has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the rapid advancements in the field of antimicrobial therapy. Encompassing all aspects of antimicrobial drug use in animals, the book provides detailed coverage of virtually all types of antimicrobials relevant to animal health. Now with a new chapter on antimicrobial therapy in zoo animals, Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine offers a wealth of invaluable information for appropriately prescribing antimicrobial therapies and shaping public policy. Divided into four sections covering general principles of antimicrobial therapy, classes of antimicrobial agents, special considerations, and antimicrobial drug use in multiple animal species, the text is enhanced by tables, diagrams, and photos. Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine is an essential resource for anyone concerned with the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, including veterinary practitioners, students, public health veterinarians, and industry and research scientists.
Author | : Frank M. Aarestrup |
Publisher | : Amer Society for Microbiology |
Total Pages | : 442 |
Release | : 2006-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781555813062 |
Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin comprehensively examines the current research on antimicrobial resistance in the main veterinary and zoonotic pathogens, including resistance to disinfectants and metals used in agriculture.
Author | : Michael Anderson |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 273 |
Release | : 2020-04-23 |
Genre | : Health & Fitness |
ISBN | : 1108799450 |
An accessible overview of the challenges in tackling AMR, and the economic and policy responses of the 'One Health' approach. It will appeal to policy-makers seeking to strengthen national and local polices tackling AMR, as well as students and academics who want an overview of the latest scientific evidence regarding effective AMR policies.