Proteases In The Brain
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Author | : Uwe Lendeckel |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 393 |
Release | : 2006-01-20 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0387231013 |
In all organs of the body, proteases have critical roles to play both in normal development and functioning and in disease states. The brain is no exception to this, with proteases having emerging roles in synaptic plasticity, memory, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases, ischemia and traumatic brain injury, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and tumor progression. Proteases in the Brain brings together a wide range of topics under this central theme and highlights the large number of proteases involved in these normal and disease processes. Proteases in the Brain reviews the role and regulation of proteases in, Alzheimer’s disease, brain ischemia and traumatic brain injury, human glioma, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the central nervous system, metabolism of the prion protein, modulating synaptic activity, multiple sclerosis, neuronal plasticity and memory consolidation, Parkinson’s disease, processing, conversion and inactivation of neuropeptides. Proteases in the Brain is a timely and useful source of information both for those well-versed in the role of proteases in the brain, and for those who are beginning to realize the important role of this family of enzymes in brain function and dysfunction.
Author | : Klaudia Brix |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 568 |
Release | : 2014-01-21 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3709108853 |
Proteolysis is an irreversible posttranslational modification affecting each and every protein from its biosynthesis to its degradation. Limited proteolysis regulates targeting and activity throughout the lifetime of proteins. Balancing proteolysis is therefore crucial for physiological homeostasis. Control mechanisms include proteolytic maturation of zymogens resulting in active proteases and the shut down of proteolysis by counteracting endogenous protease inhibitors. Beyond the protein level, proteolytic enzymes are involved in key decisions during development that determine life and death – from single cells to adult individuals. In particular, we are becoming aware of the subtle role that proteases play in signaling events within proteolysis networks, in which the enzymes act synergistically and form alliances in a web-like fashion. Proteases come in different flavors. At least five families of mechanistically distinct enzymes and even more inhibitor families are known to date, many family members are still to be studied in detail. We have learned a lot about the diversity of the about 600 proteases in the human genome and begin to understand their physiological roles in the degradome. However, there are still many open questions regarding their actions in pathophysiology. It is in this area where the development of small molecule inhibitors as therapeutic agents is extremely promising. Approaching proteolysis as the most important, irreversible post-translational protein modification essentially requires an integrated effort of complementary research disciplines. In fact, proteolytic enzymes seem as diverse as the scientists working with these intriguing proteins. This book reflects the efforts of many in this exciting field of research where team and network formations are essential to move ahead.
Author | : Abel Lajtha |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 2007-05-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0306468476 |
Researchers seeking problems that offer more hope of success often avoid subjects that seem to be difficult to approach experimentally, or subjects for which experimental results are difficult to interpret. The breakdown part of protein turnover in vivo, particularly in nervous tissue, was such a subject in the past – it was difficult to measure and difficult to explore the mechanisms involved. For factors that influence protein metabolism, it was thought that protein content, function, and distribution are controlled only by the synthetic mechanisms that can supply the needed specificity and response to stimuli. The role of breakdown was thought to be only a general metabolic digestion, elimination of excess polypeptides. We now know that the role of breakdown is much more complex: it has multiple functions, it is coupled to turnover, and it can affect protein composition, function, and synthesis. In addition to eliminating abnormal proteins, breakdown has many modulatory functions: it serves to activate and inactivate enzymes, modulate membrane function, alter receptor channel properties, affect transcription and cell cycle, form active peptides, and much more. The hydrolysis of peptide bonds often involves multiple steps, many enzymes, and cycles (such as ubiquination), and often requires the activity of enzyme complexes. Their activation, modification, and inactivation can thus play an important role in biological functions, with numerous families of proteases participating. The specific role of each remains to be elucidated.
Author | : Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D. |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 502 |
Release | : 2006-09-29 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1420005847 |
Since the first TRP ion channel was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster in 1989, the progress made in this area of signaling research has yielded findings that offer the potential to dramatically impact human health and wellness. Involved in gateway activity for all five of our senses, TRP channels have been shown to respond to a wide range of st
Author | : Carl D. B. Banner |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 280 |
Release | : 1992 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : |
These 22 papers cover protein trafficking, lysosomal proteolysis, calpains, serpins, processing of cytoskeletal proteins, and complex proteolytic cascades of the circulatory system.
Author | : Naranjan S. Dhalla |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 460 |
Release | : 2013-11-22 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1461490995 |
It is now well known that proteases are found everywhere, in viruses and bacteria as well as in all human, animal and plant cells, and play a role in a variety of biological functions ranging from digestion, fertilization, development to senescence and death. Under physiological conditions the ability of proteases is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result, as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer metastasis and tumor progression, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus it is evident that there is an absolute need for a tighter control of proteolytic activities in different cells and tissues. Aimed at graduate students and researchers with an interest in cellular proteolytic events, Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunctions is the second book on Proteases in this series. The book consists of three parts in specified topics based on current literatures for a better understanding for the readers with respect to their subject-wise interests. The first section of this book covers a brief idea about the neuronal disorders and the involvement of proteases such as calpains, caspases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The second section covers the deadly disease cancer and its relation to ubiquitin-proteasome system, MMPs and serine proteases. The last section is about the role of proteases such as calpains, MMPs and serine protease as well as urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in causing cardiovascular defects.
Author | : Barry W. Festoff |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 359 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1468483579 |
Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Maratea, Italy, July 2-8, 1989
Author | : Abel Lajtha |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 418 |
Release | : 2007-04-13 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0387303421 |
"This volume deals with the role of amino acids and small peptides in the central nervous system. The various chapters describe individually the metabolism and functions of the different compounds."--Pref.
Author | : Enrico Di Cera |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 335 |
Release | : 2011-03-07 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0123855055 |
Proteases occur naturally in all organisms. They are enzymes that are involved in many physiological reactions such as digestion of food and blood clotting. This volume reviews their role in health and disease and presents the latest research and developments. - Discusses new discoveries, approaches, and ideas - Contributions from leading scholars and industry experts - Reference guide for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields
Author | : Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 337 |
Release | : 2018-05-22 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 3319754742 |
This book will give an overview on viruses undergoing proteolytic activation through host proteases. The chapters will be organized in three themed parts, the first part describing respective viruses and their characteristics in detail. In the second part the molecular and cellular biology of the proteases involved as well as their physiological functions will be further explored. The third part will contain a chapter on protease inhibitors that are promising tools for antiviral therapy. This book will engage scholars in virology and medical microbiology as well as researchers with an interest in enzymology and protein structure and function relationship.