Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are an iconic, endemic wildlife species in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and grassland habitats of western North America. Over 50% of pronghorn are found in Wyoming; however, state-wide populations have declined by nearly 30% in less than 20 years. Over the same time, in the Red Desert region of south-central Wyoming, pronghorn herds have experienced declining population trends. These demographic changes have coincided with increasing oil and traditional and coalbed methane natural gas development and varied environmental conditions, including heavy snowfall and continuous drought. Our research was prompted by observed pronghorn population declines in this region and the potential for energy development, anthropogenic infrastructure like roads and fences, and changing environmental conditions to influence ungulate mortality risk and habitat selection. Our study objectives were thus designed to evaluate the potential impact of human-induced disturbance and environmental change on mortality risk (Chapter 2) and multi-scale seasonal resource use (Chapter 3) of adult female pronghorn between 2013 and 2016. In addition, during summer 2014 we monitored pronghorn behavior using focal observations (Appendix A) and recruitment using aerial surveys (Appendix B). In total, my thesis consists of 3 chapters: an introductory chapter, a mortality risk chapter, and a resource selection chapter; two appendices are also included that describe the results of our behavioral observations and recruitment surveys. n Chapter 2, we evaluated mortality risk of adult female pronghorn relative to intrinsic, environmental, and anthropogenic factors. Adult female pronghorn, unlike other temperate ungulates, are most likely to die in summer seasons, when nutritional condition is poorer due to energetic demands of reproduction that are higher than in all other ungulate species. We used Cox’s proportional hazards regression to model summer mortality risk as a function of intrinsic, environmental, and anthropogenic conditions. We found that this demographic was influenced by both intrinsic and environmental factors; summer mortality risk was greatest for individuals in the poorest condition entering the previous winter and for individuals that experienced the greatest variation in average daily snow depth during the previous winter. Consistent with other research evaluating pronghorn mortality risk relative to oil and gas development, we did not detect an effect of this form of anthropogenic disturbance on pronghorn mortality risk. Similarly, we detected no impact of linear anthropogenic features (roads and fences) on summer mortality risk. During years of increased winter severity, mortality during the following summer may be higher, likely resulting from the high energetic expense associated with winter survival and spring reproduction for female pronghorn. In Chapter 3, we evaluated seasonal resource selection across multiple scales within third-order selection, or selection of habitat components within the home range. We utilized a traditional resource selection function (RSF) to assess summer and winter home-range selection and a step-selection function (SSF) to evaluate finer-scale, patch-level seasonal selection within home ranges. We also evaluated resource use during daytime and nighttime hours with the SSF method, as ungulates may respond differently to anthropogenic activity levels that fluctuate on a diurnal basis. The results of our RSF indicated that in summer and winter at the seasonal home-range scale, pronghorn selected for areas with more sagebrush and areas closer to oil and gas wells. This selection likely resulted from the placement of oil and gas wells in quality pronghorn habitat with high proportions of sagebrush, rather than a predilection for development. Our SSF indicated selection at the finer scale for sagebrush and avoidance of fence crossings in all seasons and at all times-of-day. We recommend minimizing anthropogenic disturbance in high quality seasonal pronghorn range, particularly during winter when risk-avoidance responses may be stronger due to increased energetic costs of foraging, locomotion, and potential fasting. Behavioral observations (Appendix A) and recruitment surveys (Appendix B) were conducted across study areas with varying levels of anthropogenic disturbance during summer 2014. We found that the proportion of time spent in a variety of behaviors was not different between areas. In addition, aerial surveys in which marked females were located may be a beneficial method for assessing individual recruitment, but is likely less effective for evaluating population-level fawn-to-female ratios for pronghorn than the line-transect survey methods currently employed by wildlife management agencies.