Promotion Of Neuronal Survival And Axonal Regeneration In Clarkes Nucleus After Spinal Cord Injury In Adult Rats
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Author | : 易亮華 |
Publisher | : Open Dissertation Press |
Total Pages | : 198 |
Release | : 2017-01-27 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781374779143 |
This dissertation, "Promotion of Neuronal Survival and Axonal Regeneration in Clarke's Nucleus After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats" by 易亮華, Leung-wah, Yick, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3123965 Subjects: Neurons - Growth Central nervous system - Regeneration Spinal cord - Wounds and injuries Rats - Physiology
Author | : Leung-wah Yick |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Central nervous system |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Ying Jin |
Publisher | : Open Dissertation Press |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2017-01-27 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781374759138 |
This dissertation, "Neuronal Survival and Axonal Regeneration of the Lateral Vestibular Nucleus in Rats After Spinal Cord Injury" by Ying, Jin, 金瑩, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3123711 Subjects: Lateral vestibular nucleus Nervous system - Regeneration Spinal cord - Wounds and injuries Rats
Author | : Ying Jin (Ph.D.) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 330 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Lateral vestibular nucleus |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Marc Douglas Kubasak |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 298 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Laura Anne Taylor |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 183 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
In order for axon regeneration to result in functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), axons must grow beyond lesion sites and form synapses with neuronal targets in distal host tissue. We tested the hypothesis that neurotrophic factor gradients established distal to lesion sites in adult rats would promote growth of sensory axons into and beyond a site of injury and support synapse formation in denervated targets. First, gradients of neurotrophin expression were established rostral to cell-filled C3 dorsal column lesion sites using delivery of NT-3-expressing lentiviral vectors. Sensory axons regenerated for short distances beyond lesion sites in animals treated with NT-3, but not control vectors. Long distance axon growth along neurotrophin gradients was not observed. However, when conditioning lesions, which are thought to initiate an overall growth program in neuronal cell bodies, were combined with NT-3 gradients beyond lesion sites, significantly more axons regenerated over greater distances into distal host tissue than when either treatment alone was given. We next tested the hypothesis that combinatorial treatment would promote growth of sensory axons originating from hindlimb dorsal root ganglia across C1 lesion sites into the nucleus gracilis, the termination site for these axons. Animals subjected to high cervical lesions and combinatorially treated with conditioning lesions and NT-3 exhibited significantly more axons within the nucleus gracilis than animals receiving control lentiviral vectors. Ultrastructural examination of nucleus gracilis tissue indicated the presence of possible synaptic contacts formed by regenerated axons in the denervated target. These data demonstrate that combined stimulation of a neuronal growth program (conditioning lesions) and provision of a positive stimulus at the level of the growth cone (NT-3) can promote long distance axon growth in the inhibitory environment beyond a spinal cord lesion site. In addition, combinatorial treatment can be used to guide axons to appropriate target regions and may support formation of synaptic contacts.
Author | : Fredrick Seil |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 499 |
Release | : 2012-12-02 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0323148069 |
Nerve, Organ, and Tissue Regeneration: Research Perspectives presents the proceedings of a symposium held in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, on September 21–24, 1982. This book explores the neural and nonneural areas of regeneration, with emphasis on the nervous system. Organized into six parts encompassing 22 chapters, this compilation of papers examines the commitment of the Veterans Administration to deal with the clinical problem of spinal cord injury by establishing 19spinal cord injury treatment and rehabilitation centers throughout the United States. This book then discusses the characteristics of the neuronal response to axon injury, which vary from cellular hypertrophy and heightened metabolism to cell death. Other chapters consider the three phases of axonal regeneration, including sprout formation, elongation, and maturation. The final chapter deals with the structural and functional alterations that developed when the length of the mammalian intestine is shortened by excision or by-pass of a long segment. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, orthopedic surgeons, and neuroscientists.
Author | : Kwok Fai So |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 449 |
Release | : 2015-02-03 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0128018348 |
Neural Regeneration provides an overview of cutting-edge knowledge on a broad spectrum of neural regeneration, including: Neural regeneration in lower vertebrates Neural regeneration in the peripheral nervous system Neural regeneration in the central nervous system Transplantation-mediated neural regeneration Clinical and translational research on neural regeneration The contributors to this book are experts in their fields and work at distinguished institutions in the United States, Canada, Australia, and China. Nervous system injuries, including peripheral nerve injuries, brain and spinal cord injuries, and stroke affect millions of people worldwide every year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, neural regeneration and repair is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the new discoveries to promote structural and functional recoveries based on neural regeneration. The ultimate goal is to translate the most optimal regenerative strategies to treatments of human nervous system injuries. This valuable reference book is useful for students, postdoctors, and basic and clinical scientists who are interested in neural regeneration research. Provides an overview of cutting-edge knowledge on a broad spectrum of neural regeneration Highly translational and clinically-relevance International authors who are leaders in their respective fields Vivid art work making the chapters easily understood
Author | : Ying Hu |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 352 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Central nervous system |
ISBN | : |
[Truncated abstract] There is limited intrinsic potential for repair in the adult human central nervous system (CNS). Dysfunction resulting from CNS injury is persistent and requires prolonged medical treatment and rehabilitation. The retina and optic nerve are CNSderived, and adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons are often used as a model in which to study the mechanisms associated with injury, neuroprotection and regeneration. In this study I investigated the effects of a variety of strategies on promoting RGC survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve injury, including the use of reconstructed chimeric peripheral nerve (PN) grafts, gene therapy, and intraocular application of pharmacological agents and other factors . . . C3 transferase is an enzyme derived from Clostridium botulinum that inactivates Rho GTPase. Because SC myelin contains MAG and PN also contains CSPGs, I tested the effects of intraocular injection of a modified form of C3 (C3-11), provided by Dr Lisa McKerracher (CONFIDENTIAL data, under IP agreement with Bioaxone Therapeutic, Montreal) on RGC axonal regeneration into PN autografts. My results showed that there was significantly more RGC survival and axonal regeneration in PN autografts after repeated intraocular injection of C3. I also tested whether intraocular injections of CPT-cAMP and/or CNTF can act in concert with the C3 to further increase RGC survival and/or regeneration. Results showed that the effect of C3 and CPT-cAMP plus CNTF were synergistic and partially additive. The use of combination therapies therefore offers the best hope for robust and substantial regeneration. The overall results from my PhD project will help determine how best to reconstruct nerve pathways and use pharmacological interventions in the clinical treatment of CNS injury, hopefully leading to improved functional outcomes after neurotrauma.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 158 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Axons fail to regenerate after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammals, leading to permanent loss of function. Following SCI, ensheathing cells promote recovery in animal models, whereas methylprednisolone promotes neurological recovery in humans. The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of ensheathing cells and methylprednisolone after acute SCI in the adult rat. Three studies were conducted to accomplish this goal. In the first study, a new method of purifying ensheathing cells was developed, resulting in a final population of ensheathing cells that were 93% pure. In the second study, the ability of a modified directed forepaw reaching (DFR) apparatus to accurately assess function of the corticospinal tract (CST) was examined. The data demonstrated that the modified apparatus prevented extinguishing of DFR behavior after SCI. In addition, the modified apparatus allowed for the collection of quantitative data to accurately assess CST function after bilateral, cervical spinal cord lesions. In the third study, the effectiveness of combining ensheathing cells and methylprednisolone after SCI was investigated. After lesioning the CST in adult rats, a purified population of ensheathing cells was transplanted into the lesion, and methylprednisolone was administered for 24 hours. At six weeks post injury, functional recovery was assessed by measuring successful DFR performance. Axonal regeneration was analyzed by counting the number of anterogradely labeled CST axons caudal to the lesion. Lesioned control rats, receiving either no treatment or vehicle, had abortive axonal regrowth (1 mm) and poor DFR success (38% and 42%, respectively). Compared to controls, rats treated with methylprednisolone for 24 hours had significantly more axons at 7 mm caudal to the lesion, and DFR performance was significantly improved (57%). Rats that received ensheathi.