Professional Expertise
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| Author | : K. Anders Ericsson |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 571 |
| Release | : 2009-06-22 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0521518466 |
Professionals such as medical doctors, aeroplane pilots, lawyers, and technical specialists find that some of their peers have reached high levels of achievement that are difficult to measure objectively. In order to understand to what extent it is possible to learn from these expert performers for the purpose of helping others improve their performance, we first need to reproduce and measure this performance. This book is designed to provide the first comprehensive overview of research on the acquisition and training of professional performance as measured by objective methods rather than by subjective ratings by supervisors. In this collection of articles, the world's foremost experts discuss methods for assessing the experts' knowledge and review our knowledge on how we can measure professional performance and design training environments that permit beginning and experienced professionals to develop and maintain their high levels of performance, using examples from a wide range of professional domains.
| Author | : Anne Edwards |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 178 |
| Release | : 2010-08-05 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9048139694 |
Professionals deal with complex problems which require working with the expertise of others, but being able to collaborate resourcefully with others is an additional form of expertise. This book draws on a series of research studies to explain what is involved in the new concept of working relationally across practices. It demonstrates how spending time building common knowledge between different professions aids collaboration. The core concept is relational agency, which can arise between practitioners who work together on a complex task: whether reconfiguring the trajectory of a vulnerable child or developing a piece of computer software. Common knowledge, which captures the motives and values of each profession, is essential for the exercise of relational agency and contributing to and working with the common knowledge of what matters for each profession is a new form of relational expertise. The book is based on a wide body of field research including the author’s own. It tackles how to research expert practices using Vygotskian perspectives, and demonstrates how Cultural Historical and Activity Theory approaches contribute to how we understand learning, practices and organisations.
| Author | : Michael Eraut |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 276 |
| Release | : 2002-11-01 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1135719969 |
This volume analyzes different types of knowledge and know-how used by practising professionals in their work and how these different kinds of knowledge are acquired by a combination of learning from books, learning from people and learning from personal experience.; Drawing on various examples, problems addressed include the way theory changes and is personalized in practice, and how individuals form generalizations out of their practice. Eraut considers the meaning of client-centredness and its implications, and to what extent professional knowledge is based on intuition, understanding and learning. He considers the issue of competence versus knowledge and the effect of lifelong learning on the quality of practice.
| Author | : Richard Arlynn Lacquement |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Jurisdiction |
| ISBN | : |
The author provides a framework intended for use by the Army's strategic leaders. But, it also should be a point of departure for debate among all members of the profession. The most important purpose of this framework is to provide a mechanism for HOW TO THINK about Army expert knowledge and jurisdictions. He offers some general recommendations derived from my application of the framework and its logic. These recommendations represent just one possible view. Ultimately, the strategic leaders of the Army will decide priorities and boundaries.
| Author | : Jim Allen |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 284 |
| Release | : 2011-06-15 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9400713533 |
Higher education policy has increasingly gained a European dimension, with its own distinct influence over national education policies. Against this background, a major project was launched, the REFLEX project, which aims to make a contribution to assessing the demands that the modern knowledge society places on higher education graduates, and the degree to which higher education institutions in Europe are up to the task of equipping graduates with the competencies needed to meet these demands. The project also looks at how the demands, and graduates’ ability to realise them, is influenced by the way in which work is organised in firms and organisations. The REFLEX project has been carried out in sixteen different countries and consisted of a large scale survey among some 70.000 graduates. This report presents the major findings and draws important policy implications.
| Author | : Elizabeth Gorman |
| Publisher | : Emerald Group Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 2020-10-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1800432100 |
Current challenges to the legitimacy of expert knowledge has caused professional control over knowledge, autonomy at work, orientation toward public service, and social status to have declined. In this collection, scholars examine the nature of these changes and how they have altered the experience of professional workers.
| Author | : P. Tordoir |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 232 |
| Release | : 1995-10-31 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780792336686 |
Knowledge is the great fifth production factor in our economy, besides capital, labour, land, and entrepreneurship. Perhaps it is the most precious of the five factors, because it takes so much effort and money to keep it well-nourished. Perhaps it is the most strategic of the five factors, because we depend on it to develop business, the economy, and the world at large in a balanced and sustainable direction. Knowledge is certainly one of the least understood factors and one of the hardest to grasp. This book concerns the largest pool of knowledge, which is professional knowledge. This form of knowledge, albeit being very close to business practice, is nonetheless least understood of all. Economists have tried to grasp the knowledge factor, measuring and assessing it in terms of the pools of R&D-expenditures, patented innovations, licences, and other forms of knowledge that can be documented. The pool of professional knowledge is not among these, because it is tacit. It can only exist in our head; it is intrinsically tied to people --the professionals. Professional knowledge is the articulation of scientific and documented knowledge, and the individual experience and dexterity of individuals. It is for this reason that it is so hard to grasp; while for this very same reason, it is so close to the life of business, to the shopfloor of our advanced economies.
| Author | : Felix Rauner |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 331 |
| Release | : 2022-09-17 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 3658388773 |
In this book, we show the replacement of academic and vocational education, which is structured according to subject systems and oriented towards scientific knowledge, by vocational action knowledge. This work process knowledge is the basis for the acquisition of the design competence of vocational specialists, which is becoming increasingly important in the world of work. A modern knowledge concept based on vocational education is developed and documented. In the first part of the book the concept of vocational knowledge is developed, in the second part empirical results from COMET projects are documented, from which the vocational knowledge imparted in different occupations can be read. There has been a confusing discussion about vocational knowledge for decades. In 1991, the KMK agreed on a new concept for vocational education and training with the guiding idea of vocational design competence. It remained open on which vocational knowledge this new guiding idea should be based. Up to now there has been no original vocational pedagogical justification for the vocational knowledge on which vocational design competence is based.
| Author | : John Loughran |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2012-07-26 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1136969675 |
How do expert teachers do it? How do they enhance student learning? How do they manage the dilemmas and tensions inherent in working with 25 different students in every lesson? Internationally respected teacher educator John Loughran argues that teachers’ knowledge of what they do is largely tacit and often misunderstood. In this book, he distils the essence of professional practice for classroom teachers. Drawing on the best research on pedagogy, he outlines the crucial principles of teaching and learning, and shows how they are translated into practice using real classroom examples. He emphasises that teaching procedures need to be part of an integrated approach, so that they are genuinely meaningful and result in learning. Throughout, he shows how teachers can engage their students in ways that create a real ‘need to know’, and a desire to become active learners. What Expert Teachers Do is for teachers who want to become really accomplished practitioners.
| Author | : Helen King |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 251 |
| Release | : 2022-03-21 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1000551326 |
This book provides a contemporary view of the characteristics of expertise for teaching in higher education, based on the strong foundation of research into expertise, and empirical and practical knowledge of the development of teaching in higher education. Taking key themes related to the characteristics of expertise, this edited collection delivers practical ideas for supporting and enabling professional learning and development in higher education as well as theoretical constructs for the basis of personal reflection on practice. Providing an accessible, evidence-informed theoretical framework designed to support individuals wishing to improve their teaching, Developing Expertise for Teaching in Higher Education considers teaching excellence from an expertise perspective and discusses how it might be supported and available to all. It invites a call to action to all policymakers and strategic leaders who make a claim for teaching excellence to consider how professional learning and the development of expertise can be embedded in the culture, environment and ways of working in higher education institutions. Full of practical examples, based on scholarship and experience, to guide individual teachers, educational developers and policymakers in higher education, this book is a must-read text for those new to teaching in higher education and those looking to improve their practice.
