Product Market Competition and the Impact of Price Uncertainty on Investment
| Author | : Vivek Ghosal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Capital investments |
| ISBN | : |
Product Market Competition And The Impact Of Price Uncertainty On Investment
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Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Investment
| Author | : Robert S. Pindyck |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 58 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Capital investments |
| ISBN | : |
Irreversible investment is especially sensitive to such risk factors as volatile exchange rates and uncertainty about tariff structures and future cash flows. If the goal of macroeconomic policy is to stimulate investment, stability and credibility may be more important than tax incentives or interest rates.
Investment under Uncertainty
| Author | : Robert K. Dixit |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 484 |
| Release | : 2012-07-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1400830176 |
How should firms decide whether and when to invest in new capital equipment, additions to their workforce, or the development of new products? Why have traditional economic models of investment failed to explain the behavior of investment spending in the United States and other countries? In this book, Avinash Dixit and Robert Pindyck provide the first detailed exposition of a new theoretical approach to the capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most investment decisions, and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environment in which these decisions are made. In so doing, they answer important questions about investment decisions and the behavior of investment spending. This new approach to investment recognizes the option value of waiting for better (but never complete) information. It exploits an analogy with the theory of options in financial markets, which permits a much richer dynamic framework than was possible with the traditional theory of investment. The authors present the new theory in a clear and systematic way, and consolidate, synthesize, and extend the various strands of research that have come out of the theory. Their book shows the importance of the theory for understanding investment behavior of firms; develops the implications of this theory for industry dynamics and for government policy concerning investment; and shows how the theory can be applied to specific industries and to a wide variety of business problems.
Product Market Competition and Investment Efficiency
| Author | : Long Yi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2017-01-27 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781361355572 |
This dissertation, "Product Market Competition and Investment Efficiency" by Long, Yi, 易龍, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This thesis consists of two essays on the impacts product market competition has on the real investment efficiency of firms. While the first essay looks at this question through the corporate governance angle and finds product market competition complements institutional investors in disciplining firms, the latter one studies the impacts from an information production point of view and concludes competition reduces the incentive of firms to acquire information thereby reduces investment efficiency. Using product market competition as a proxy for external corporate governance, the first essay documents a sizeable difference between the governance impact of institutional investors on firms with strong and weak external corporate governance. Higher institutional ownership is associated with real efficiency of firms, but only when external corporate governance is strong. The real efficiency is reflected in higher investment sensitivity to investment opportunities and higher firm value. Utilizing the passing of business combination laws as a negative shock to external corporate governance, the essay identifies that firms with higher institutional ownership suffer a larger decrease in real efficiency, suggesting external corporate governance such as product market competition is critical for institutional investors in disciplining firms. The second essay attempts to figure out the impact of product market competition from an ex ante point of view. Specifically, how does product market competition change the incentive of firms to acquire information about investment opportunities ex ante? The essay provides both a model and a series of extensive empirical tests. The model features a two-stage Bayesian game in differentiated products market competition. This essay finds that competition causes firms to acquire less information and that investment becomes more inefficient in competitive industries. Empirically investment efficiency is measured by a latent variable technique and related to competition using a Herfindahl-Hirschman index as well as more exogenous measure such as trade costs. The panel regression analysis provides strong support for the theory and shows that investment is more efficient in concentrated industries. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5270556 Subjects: Capital investments Competition Corporate governance
Competition and the Real Effects of Uncertainty
| Author | : Raja Patnaik |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 83 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper investigates the impact of uncertainty on firm-level capital investment and examines whether this effect depends on the degree of competition that firms face. I exploit a unique empirical setting to construct a time-varying uncertainty measure that is exogenous to economic conditions and firm behavior. I show that higher uncertainty results in a decrease in investment for firms in more concentrated industries. The effect is stronger for firms that face higher costs associated with reversing investments. This finding is in line with irreversible investment models that predict a negative relationship between uncertainty and investment. In contrast, firms in highly competitive industries increase investment in response to higher uncertainty, supporting the argument that competition can erode the option value of deferring investment. In that case, other industry and firm characteristics such as operational flexibility can result in increased investment in response to heightened uncertainty. I also find economically significant effects of uncertainty on other types of investment such as R&D spending, advertising and investment in human capital. Collectively, my results illustrate that the degree of competition plays an important role in the link between uncertainty and investment.
Product Market Competition and the Profitability Premium
| Author | : Yao Deng |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 62 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper studies the impact of product market competition on the well-documented positive relation between firms' current profitability and future stock returns. I find that this relation is robust only in competitive industries. A long-short portfolio sorted on profitability earns an average monthly return of 1.1% in competitive industries and only 0.14% in concentrated industries. Firms' differential exposure to investment-specific technology shocks explains this gap. To understand this result, I build a production-based model with imperfect competition. Market power reduces a firm's investment response to these shocks and thus lowers risk exposure. Empirical tests confirm the model's predictions.
Optimal Capacity Investment, and Pricing Across International Markets Under Exchange Rate Uncertainty and Duopoly Competition
| Author | : Anas A. Ahmed |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In this dissertation we investigate joint optimal capacity investment, pricing and production decisions for a multinational manufacturer who faces exchange rate uncertainties. We consider a manufacturer that sells its product in both domestic and foreign markets over a multiperiod season. Because of long-lead times, the capacity investment must be committed before the selling season begins. The exchange rate between the two countries fluctuates across period and the demand in both markets is price dependent. In the first part, the model considers three scenarios: (1) early commitment to price and quantity with central sourcing, (2) postponement of prices and quantities with central sourcing, and (3) local sourcing. We derive the optimal capacity and the optimal prices for each scenario, and investigate the impact of the exchange rate parameters and the length of the selling season on optimal capacity investment, production allocation, and pricing decisions. We observe that while the price and production decisions in the domestic market are independent of the exchange rate under early commitment and local sourcing scenarios, the exchange rate between two countries directly impacts these decisions under the postponement setting. We identify thresholds and gain insights on investment costs, market potentials, exchange rate drifts, and selling season length for the choice of entering a foreign market under all scenarios. In the second part of this dissertation, we consider a duopoly competition in the foreign country. We consider a single period setting and we model the exchange rate as a random variable. We assume two scenarios: (1) Exogenous Model, where the price of the foreign manufacturer is set a priori, and (2) Endogenous Model, where the prices are set simultaneously based on a Nash Game outcome. In the Exogenous Model, we study the impact of exchange rate and foreign manufacturer's price on optimal capacity and prices. In the Endogenous Model, we investigate the impact of competition and exchange rate on optimal capacities and optimal prices. We show how competition can impact the decision of the home manufacturer to enter the foreign market.
Investment, Capital Market Imperfections, and Uncertainty
| Author | : Robert Lensink |
| Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 2001-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781782541240 |
This book presents an up-to-date overview of the theory as well as the empirics of the relationship between investment, financial imperfections and uncertainty. After reviewing the capital market imperfections literature and the empirical results, the authors discuss both traditional investment models with uncertainty and the more modern option based models. They present an overview of empirical results of the modelling of investment under uncertainty. In these examples the effects of capital market imperfections on investment are carefully considered. The authors conclude that there is overwhelming empirical support for a negative uncertainty-investment relationship. This book should appeal to academics with an interest in investment theory, professionals in the financial sector and students of macroeconomics and finance. "Investment, Capital Market Imperfections, and Uncertainty" assumes only a basic knowledge of mathematics and is easily accessible.
IMF Staff Papers, Volume 53, No. 3
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 183 |
| Release | : 2006-12-15 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1589065816 |
This is the final issue for 2006 (Volume 53), and contains another paper in the occasional Special Data Section that seeks to measure financial development in the Middle East and North Africa by utilizing a new database. The issue also contains a comment from Jacques J. Polak on parity reversion in real exchange rates.
