Produced Water Management And Beneficial Use
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| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 239 |
| Release | : 2010-10-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309162939 |
In some coalbeds, naturally occurring water pressure holds methane-the main component of natural gas-fixed to coal surfaces and within the coal. In a coalbed methane (CBM) well, pumping water from the coalbeds lowers this pressure, facilitating the release of methane from the coal for extraction and use as an energy source. Water pumped from coalbeds during this process-CBM 'produced water'-is managed through some combination of treatment, disposal, storage, or use, subject to compliance with federal and state regulations. CBM produced water management can be challenging for regulatory agencies, CBM well operators, water treatment companies, policy makers, landowners, and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water; available infrastructure; costs to treat, store, and transport produced water; and states' legal consideration of water and produced water. Some states consider produced water as waste, whereas others consider it a beneficial byproduct of methane production. Thus, although current technologies allow CBM produced water to be treated to any desired water quality, the majority of CBM produced water is presently being disposed of at least cost rather than put to beneficial use. This book specifically examines the Powder River, San Juan, Raton, Piceance, and Uinta CBM basins in the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The conclusions and recommendations identify gaps in data and information, potential beneficial uses of CBM produced water and associated costs, and challenges in the existing regulatory framework.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Large quantities of water are associated with the production of coalbed methane (CBM) in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming. The chemistry of co-produced water often makes it unsuitable for subsequent uses such as irrigated agriculture. However, co-produced waters have substantial potential for a variety of beneficial uses. Achieving this potential requires the development of appropriate water management strategies. There are several unique characteristics of co-produced water that make development of such management strategies a challenge. The production of CBM water follows an inverse pattern compared to traditional wells. CBM wells need to maintain low reservoir pressures to promote gas production. This need renders the reinjection of co-produced waters counterproductive. The unique water chemistry of co-produced water can reduce soil permeability, making surface disposal difficult. Unlike traditional petroleum operations where co-produced water is an undesirable by-product, co-produced water in the PRB often is potable, making it a highly valued resource in arid western states. This research project developed and evaluated a number of water management options potentially available to CBM operators. These options, which focus on cost-effective and environmentally-sound practices, fall into five topic areas: Minimization of Produced Water, Surface Disposal, Beneficial Use, Disposal by Injection and Water Treatment. The research project was managed by the Colorado Energy Research Institute (CERI) at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and involved personnel located at CERI, CSM, Stanford University, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Wyoming, the Argonne National Laboratory, the Gas Technology Institute, the Montana Bureau of Mining and Geology and PVES Inc., a private firm.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 101 |
| Release | : 2017-02-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309452651 |
Produced waterâ€"water from underground formations that is brought to the surface during oil and gas productionâ€"is the greatest volume byproduct associated with oil and gas production. It is managed by some combination of underground injection, treatment and subsequent use, treatment and discharge, or evaporation, subject to compliance with state and federal regulations. Management of these waters is challenging not only for industry and regulators, but also for landowners and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water, varying infrastructure needs, costs, and environmental considerations associated with produced water disposal, storage, and transport. Unconventional oil and gas development involves technologies that combine horizontal drilling with the practice of hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a controlled, high-pressure injection of fluid and proppant into a well to generate fractures in the rock formation containing the oil or gas. After the hydraulic fracture procedure is completed, the injected fluid is allowed to flow back into the well, leaving the proppant in the newly created fractures. As a result, a portion of the injected water returns to the surface and this water is called "flowback water" which initially may mix with the naturally occurring produced water from the formation. The chemistry and volume of water returning to the surface from unconventional oil and gas operations thus changes during the lifetime of the well due to the amount of fluid used in the initial stage of well development, the amount of water naturally occurring in the geologic formation, the original water and rock chemistry, the type of hydrocarbon being produced, and the way in which production is conducted. The volume and composition of flowback and produced waters vary with geography, time, and site-specific factors. A workshop was conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated in managing produced water from unconventional hydrocarbon development, and particularly in the area of potential beneficial uses for these waters. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
| Author | : Einar Bandlien |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 238 |
| Release | : 2024-01-31 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464820473 |
This report discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the freshwater needs in oil and gas operations and the beneficial use of produced water. Practical solutions are offered to support evidence-based policy making for an integrated and sustainable approach to water management.
| Author | : Katie Guerra |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 113 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Oil field brines |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 238 |
| Release | : 2010-11-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309154324 |
In some coalbeds, naturally occurring water pressure holds methane-the main component of natural gas-fixed to coal surfaces and within the coal. In a coalbed methane (CBM) well, pumping water from the coalbeds lowers this pressure, facilitating the release of methane from the coal for extraction and use as an energy source. Water pumped from coalbeds during this process-CBM 'produced water'-is managed through some combination of treatment, disposal, storage, or use, subject to compliance with federal and state regulations. CBM produced water management can be challenging for regulatory agencies, CBM well operators, water treatment companies, policy makers, landowners, and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water; available infrastructure; costs to treat, store, and transport produced water; and states' legal consideration of water and produced water. Some states consider produced water as waste, whereas others consider it a beneficial byproduct of methane production. Thus, although current technologies allow CBM produced water to be treated to any desired water quality, the majority of CBM produced water is presently being disposed of at least cost rather than put to beneficial use. This book specifically examines the Powder River, San Juan, Raton, Piceance, and Uinta CBM basins in the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The conclusions and recommendations identify gaps in data and information, potential beneficial uses of CBM produced water and associated costs, and challenges in the existing regulatory framework.
| Author | : Guenter Langergraber |
| Publisher | : IWA Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019-10-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781789060164 |
Water quality standards across the world are being re-written to promote healthier ecosystems, ensure safe potable water sources, increased biodiversity, and enhanced ecological functions. Treatment wetlands are used for treating a variety of pollutant waters, including municipal wastewater, agricultural and urban runoff, industrial effluents, and combined sewer overflows, among others. Treatment wetlands are particularly well-suited for sustainable water management because they can cope with variable influent loads, can be constructed of local materials, have low operations and maintenance requirements compared to other treatment technologies, and they can provide additional ecosystem services. The technology has been successfully implemented in both developed and developing countries. The first IWA Scientific and Technical Report (STR) on Wetland Technology was published in 2000. With the exponential development of the technology since then, the generation of a new STR was facilitated by the IWA Task Group on Mainstreaming Wetland Technology. This STR was conceptualized and written by leading experts in the field. The new report presents the latest technology applications within an innovative planning framework of multi-purpose wetland design. It also includes practical design information collected from over twenty years of experience from practitioners and academics, covering experiments at laboratory and pilot-scale up to full-scale applications. Scientific and Technical Report No.27
| Author | : Bonnie McDevitt |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Oil and gas (O&G) produced waters, wastewater brought to the surface during extraction processes, are often highly saline solutions (10-300 g/L Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)) with increased concentrations of radium, trace and heavy metals, and organic contaminants. Eighty percent of the United States' produced water (3.3 trillion L/year) is generated in states west of the 98th meridian. In western states produced waters are frequently discharged to surface waters in the O&G fields through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and permitted for beneficial reuse downstream for irrigation, livestock watering, and wildlife propagation after minimal treatment. In arid regions, local NPDES discharges may offer substantial water resources to boost agricultural economies and drinking water supplies. The overall dissertation objective is to assess management of O&G produced water as beneficial use in terms of human and environmental health and to provide quantitatively-based recommendations regarding the current regulations. Chapter 1 provides a background on the issues regarding large volumes of O&G produced water, contaminants of concern for beneficial reuse of produced water, and opportunities for recycling and reusing produced water. Chapter 2 contains a geochemical and hydrological salinization assessment of the produced water discharge impacts to stream health downstream of NPDES facilities. Chapter 3 represents a study that sought to understand radium accumulation and sequestration mechanisms in grab and shallow core sediments near O&G discharges where radium was significantly associated with calcium carbonate minerals. Chapter 4 contains a study to determine if radium is bioaccumulating in vegetation growing near O&G NPDES facilities and created produced water retention ponds downstream. Chapter 5 represents a freshwater mussel tank study in which mussels were dosed with O&G produced water derived from the Marcellus Shale. Mussels were then analyzed for bioaccumulation of O&G produced water contaminants to establish environmental tracers (226Ra/228Ra, 87Sr/86Sr) for future forensic studies related to O&G produced water impacts to local water quality. Chapters 2 and 3 are currently published in Science of the Total Environment and Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts; Chapters 1, 4, and 5 are currently in preparation for publication.
| Author | : Guanyu Ma |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : Gas wells |
| ISBN | : |
Shale gas has become one of the most rapidly developing natural gas, providing approximately half of the natural gas for the U.S. Together with the development of shale gas exploration, large quantity of flowback and produced water is being produced. Management of flowback and produced water has become one of the most challenging issues for shale gas operators. Traditional disposal of flowback and produced water is challenged by the increased freshwater demand, water shortage, and more restraining regulations. Beneficial reuse of flowback and produced water is becoming a more attractive option, as it reduces freshwater demand for hydraulic fracturing, minimizes disposal costs, and helps to meet regulations. This study aimed to develop a decision-support tool for shale gas produced water management, treatment and beneficial use. Water quality and quantity data were retrieved from national produced water database and industrial database. Treatment technologies were critically reviewed about their capacities to treat shale gas flowback and produced water. A case study was conducted to evaluate shale gas flowback and produced water beneficial use potentials in Tioga County and Washington County in Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvania. The results showed that the costs of produced water treatment and beneficial use decreased significantly as the treated water flow rate increased. Produced water reuse is more cost-efficient than deep well injection when flowback and produced water from a cluster of wells collected together, and treated in a satellite facility. Small operators are recommended to cooperate to treat and reuse shale gas wastewater together to be more cost-effective. In addition to monetary benefits, reuse of flowback and produced water also augments water resources, reduces the industry reliance on local water supplies, decreases the risks of wastewater spill, remits traffic load and road wearing, helps to meet regulations and policies, and reduces public concerns.
| Author | : Alexandros I. Stefanakis |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 612 |
| Release | : 2018-08-20 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1119268346 |
A groundbreaking book on the application of the economic and environmentally effective treatment of industrial wastewater Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment contains a review of the state-of-the-art applications of constructed wetland technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This green technology offers many economic, environmental, and societal advantages. The text examines the many unique uses and the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for the treatment of complex and heavily polluted wastewater from various industrial sources. The editor — a noted expert in the field — and the international author team (93 authors from 22 countries) present vivid examples of the current state of constructed wetlands in the industrial sector. The text is filled with international case studies and research outcomes and covers a wide range of applications of these sustainable systems including facilities such as the oil and gas industry, agro-industries, paper mills, pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, winery, brewery, sludge treatment and much more. The book reviews the many system setups, examines the different removal and/or transformational processes of the various pollutants and explores the overall effectiveness of this burgeoning technology. This important resource: Offers the first, groundbreaking text on constructed wetlands use for industrial wastewater treatment Provides a single reference with summarized information and the state-of-the-art knowledge of the use of Constructed Wetlands in the industrial sector through case studies, research outcomes and review chapters Covers a range of industrial applications such as hydrocarbons/oil and gas industry, food and beverage, wood and leather processing, agro-industries, pharmaceuticals and many others Includes best practices drawn by a collection of international case studies Presents the latest technological developments in the industry Written for civil and environmental engineers, sustainable wastewater/water managers in industry and government, Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment is the first book to offer a comprehensive review of the set-up and effectiveness of constructed wetlands for a wide range of industrial applications to highlight the diverse economic and environmental benefits this technology brings to the industry.
