Processing And Characterization Of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened 14ywt Ferritic Alloys
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| Author | : Michael K.eith West |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 100 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are currently being investigated as candidate materials for nuclear applications due to their increased high temperature strength and low activation characteristics. Recent studies have shown that ODS ferritic steels containing Ti exhibit enhanced high temperature properties due to the formation of a very fine dispersion of nanometer-sized oxide clusters based on Ti, Y, and O. Studies are currently underway to examine so called 14YWT alloys with nominal compositions of Fe-14Cr-3W-0.4Ti (wt. %) mechanically alloyed with 0.25 (wt.%) Y2O3. The focus of this study was to investigate how the early stages of processing of 14YWT alloys during mechanical milling, heat treatment, and consolidation affect the structure and properties of the alloys. The 14YWT alloys were milled at different times up to 80 hours, along with alloy powder compositions of Fe-14Cr + 0.25 wt.% Y2O3 (14Y) and Fe-14Cr without Y2O3 (Fe-14Cr). The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties during milling was examined with a combination of optical metallography, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and nanoindentation. Alloy powders were also heat treated and studied using high temperature x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry methods. Special attention was paid to milling parameters and temperature ranges which lead to the formation of nanosized oxide clusters in the alloys. Finally, the microstructure of consolidated alloys was examined and related to milling and heat treatment methods. Mechanical properties and microstructure during milling were similar in the three alloy powders examined regardless of dispersoid or alloy addition. Mechanical mixing of the alloy powders was inefficient after 40 hours of milling. Milling did not produce bulk amorphous phases but quickly reduced the crystallite size to ~10-20 nm. Milling also resulted in relatively uniform dissolution of Y2O3. Thermal studies in the range of 600-850 °C showed precipitation of oxide clusters occurred before consolidation which blocked recrystallization and grain growth. Results also showed retention of sub-micron sized grains at high temperature in both the annealed powders and extruded material was seen to be direct evidence of nano-cluster formation. Alloy extrusions conducted at 1175 °C showed coarse oxide precipitation while extrusions at 850 °C showed nanometer-sized clusters. The results indicated that the heat treatment temperature before consolidation was very important for producing the most favorable microstructure.
| Author | : He, Pei |
| Publisher | : KIT Scientific Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2013-12-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3731501414 |
Main objective of this work is to develop, by systematic variation of the chemical composition, and TMP, 14% Cr nano-structured ferritic alloys with significantly improved high-temperature properties compared to currently available ODS alloys. Application of state-of-the-art characterization tools shall lead to an integrated understanding of structure-property correlation and the formation mechanism of nanoparticles.
| Author | : Radhakanta Rana |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 673 |
| Release | : 2020-12-18 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030538257 |
The current state of understanding of emerging iron alloys and high-alloy ferrous systems, in comparison with some conventional steels, is compiled in this single volume to further their development. While most of the conventional steels are produced routinely today, many advanced high strength steels and iron-based alloys are still in the laboratory stage. The iron-based emerging alloys can yield high levels of mechanical and physical properties due to their new alloy concepts and novel microstructures leading to multiple benefits of their use in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. This book contains introductory chapters that present the requisite background knowledge on thermodynamics, phase diagrams, and processing routes used for the ferrous alloys to enable the readers a smooth understanding of the main chapters. Then, an overview of the conventional microalloyed steels and advanced high strength steels is given to present the benchmark of the existing steels and ferrous alloys manifesting their current state-of-the-art in terms of physical metallurgy and engineering applications. Subsequent chapters detail novel, emerging ferrous alloys and high-alloy ferrous systems. Summarizes the state-of-the-art of emerging iron-based alloys and the new processing and physical metallurgy-related developments of high-alloy iron systems; Explores new iron-based systems driven by the need for new properties, enhanced performance, sustainable processes and educed environmental impact; Compiles cutting-edge research on the progress of materials science of iron-based systems, from physical metallurgy to engineering applications, and possible avenues for future research.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 377 |
| Release | : 2007-09-21 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1845693787 |
The cold spray process produces dense, low oxide coatings which can be used in such diverse applications as corrosion control and metals repair. It has emerged as an important alternative to thermal spray coating techniques in certain areas. This pioneering book reviews both the fundamentals of the process and how it can best be applied in practice. The first part of the book discusses the development of the process together with its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with thermal spray coating techniques. Part two reviews key process parameters such as powders, nozzle design, particle temperature and velocity, and particle/substrate interaction. It also describes portable and stationary cold spray systems. The final part of the book discusses how the cold spray process can be applied in such areas as improved wear, corrosion protection, electromagnetic interference shielding and repair of damaged components. The cold spray materials deposition process is a standard reference on this important process and its industrial applications. Examines the fundamentals of the cold spraying process Assesses how the technique can best be applied in practice Describes portable and stationary cold spray systems
| Author | : Robert Odette |
| Publisher | : Newnes |
| Total Pages | : 676 |
| Release | : 2019-08-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 012397349X |
High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors' unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. - Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. - Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. - Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.
| Author | : Colin Tong |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 930 |
| Release | : 2018-12-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319980025 |
This first of its kind text enables today’s students to understand current and future energy challenges, to acquire skills for selecting and using materials and manufacturing processes in the design of energy systems, and to develop a cross-functional approach to materials, mechanics, electronics and processes of energy production. While taking economic and regulatory aspects into account, this textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the range of materials used for advanced energy systems, including fossil, nuclear, solar, bio, wind, geothermal, ocean and hydropower, hydrogen, and nuclear, as well as thermal energy storage and electrochemical storage in fuel cells. A separate chapter is devoted to emerging energy harvesting systems. Integrated coverage includes the application of scientific and engineering principles to materials that enable different types of energy systems. Properties, performance, modeling, fabrication, characterization and application of structural, functional and hybrid materials are described for each energy system. Readers will appreciate the complex relationships among materials selection, optimizing design, and component operating conditions in each energy system. Research and development trends of novel emerging materials for future hybrid energy systems are also considered. Each chapter is basically a self-contained unit, easily enabling instructors to adapt the book for coursework. This textbook is suitable for students in science and engineering who seek to obtain a comprehensive understanding of different energy processes, and how materials enable energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. In setting forth the latest advances and new frontiers of research, the text also serves as a comprehensive reference on energy materials for experienced materials scientists, engineers, and physicists. Includes pedagogical features such as in-depth side bars, worked-out and end-of- chapter exercises, and many references to further reading Provides comprehensive coverage of materials-based solutions for major and emerging energy systems Brings together diverse subject matter by integrating theory with engaging insights
| Author | : Michael K. Miller |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 247 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461542812 |
The microanalytical technique of atom probe tomography (APT) permits the spatial coordinates and elemental identities of the individual atoms within a small volume to be determined with near atomic resolution. Therefore, atom probe tomography provides a technique for acquiring atomic resolution three dimensional images of the solute distribution within the microstructures of materials. This monograph is designed to provide researchers and students the necessary information to plan and experimentally conduct an atom probe tomography experiment. The techniques required to visualize and to analyze the resulting three-dimensional data are also described. The monograph is organized into chapters each covering a specific aspect of the technique. The development of this powerful microanalytical technique from the origins offield ion microscopy in 1951, through the first three-dimensional atom probe prototype built in 1986 to today's commercial state-of-the-art three dimensional atom probe is documented in chapter 1. A general introduction to atom probe tomography is also presented in chapter 1. The various methods to fabricate suitable needle-shaped specimens are presented in chapter 2. The procedure to form field ion images of the needle-shaped specimen is described in chapter 3. In addition, the appearance of microstructural features and the information that may be estimated from field ion microscopy are summarized. A brief account of the theoretical basis for processes of field ionization and field evaporation is also included.
| Author | : Yuri Hovanski |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 267 |
| Release | : 2023-02-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3031226615 |
This collection presents fundamentals and the current status of friction stir welding (FSW) and solid-state friction stir processing of materials and provides researchers and engineers with an opportunity to review the current status of the friction stir related processes and discuss the future possibilities. Contributions cover various aspects of friction stir welding and processing including their derivative technologies. Topics include, but are not limited to: • Derivative technologies • High-temperature applications • Industrial applications • Dissimilar alloys and/or materials • Lightweight alloys • Simulation • Characterization • Non-destructive examination techniques
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 12 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Two low activation ferritic ODS alloys have been manufactured, using mechanical alloying procedures, into extruded bar. The alloy compositions in weight percent are: Fe-14Cr-1.0Ti-0.5W-0.25Y2O3 and Fe-9Cr-2.0W-0.3V-0.08C-0.25Y2O3. Dispersoid phase instability is indicated in the 9Cr carbon- containing alloy, but the 14Cr alloy appears to offer a novel material which may be suitable for first wall applications and warrants further study. 2 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.
| Author | : Joseph Mathew |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 1131 |
| Release | : 2012-05-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0857294938 |
Engineering Asset Management 2010 represents state-of-the art trends and developments in the emerging field of engineering asset management as presented at the Fifth World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM). The proceedings of the WCEAM 2010 is an excellent reference for practitioners, researchers and students in the multidisciplinary field of asset management, covering topics such as: Asset condition monitoring and intelligent maintenance Asset data warehousing, data mining and fusion Asset performance and level-of-service models Design and life-cycle integrity of physical assets Education and training in asset management Engineering standards in asset management Fault diagnosis and prognostics Financial analysis methods for physical assets Human dimensions in integrated asset management Information quality management Information systems and knowledge management Intelligent sensors and devices Maintenance strategies in asset management Optimisation decisions in asset management Risk management in asset management Strategic asset management Sustainability in asset management
