Problems Of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs
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Author | : Ivan Light |
Publisher | : Univ of California Press |
Total Pages | : 523 |
Release | : 1991-08-08 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0520076567 |
A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions.
Author | : Jan Rath (Editor of this Special Issue) |
Publisher | : ACIDI, I.P. |
Total Pages | : 287 |
Release | : 2008-10-01 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
This Special Issue aims to provide an extensive mapping of policies in the promotion of ethnic entrepreneurship in a number of countries. It is motivated by the desire of national and municipal Governments to create an environment conducive to setting up and developing SMEs in general and immigrant businesses in particular. Furthermore it also highlights how the third sector has also had a crucial role in the reinforcement of immigrant entrepreneurship, and provides indications of how best to address this issue at a Governmental level in the future.
Author | : Jin-Kyung Yoo |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 222 |
Release | : 2014-09-19 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1135676135 |
This book examines the advantages and disadvantages of Korean immigrant entrepreneurs in the mainstream labor market. Immigrants to the U.S. have historically pursued entrepreneurship as a means of achieving economic affluence. Among immigrants since the 1965 Immigration Amendment Act, Koreans have one of the highest rates of entrepreneurship. This study investigates various structural elements, including enclave and non-enclave economies, to uncover interconnections with personal advantages such as capacities for resource mobilization through networks and human capital utilized to establish businesses. The results show that networks are the most prominent resources that Korean immigrants use for business establishment. However, networks are divided into two elements: family and social. The examination of both types of networks shows how they operate differently and generate different intrinsic to business establishment. Although previous studies have recognized the economic advantages of immigrants with higher educational backgrounds, this study further demonstrates how higher human capital is utilized through network establishment to benefit business establishment. Also, counter to traditional belief, it is found that ethnic resources are not especially crucial resources for starting a business, but are useful after businesses are established.
Author | : Jin-Kyung Yoo |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 221 |
Release | : 2014-09-19 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1135676062 |
This book examines the advantages and disadvantages of Korean immigrant entrepreneurs in the mainstream labor market. Immigrants to the U.S. have historically pursued entrepreneurship as a means of achieving economic affluence. Among immigrants since the 1965 Immigration Amendment Act, Koreans have one of the highest rates of entrepreneurship. This study investigates various structural elements, including enclave and non-enclave economies, to uncover interconnections with personal advantages such as capacities for resource mobilization through networks and human capital utilized to establish businesses. The results show that networks are the most prominent resources that Korean immigrants use for business establishment. However, networks are divided into two elements: family and social. The examination of both types of networks shows how they operate differently and generate different intrinsic to business establishment. Although previous studies have recognized the economic advantages of immigrants with higher educational backgrounds, this study further demonstrates how higher human capital is utilized through network establishment to benefit business establishment. Also, counter to traditional belief, it is found that ethnic resources are not especially crucial resources for starting a business, but are useful after businesses are established.
Author | : Jihye Kim |
Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 2021-08-26 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1498584020 |
Since their arrival in the 1960s, Korean immigrants in Argentina have been massively involved in the garment industry. Nevertheless, despite their decades-long concentration in the same sector, over time they have reshaped their motivations and business styles throughout the twists and turns of the host country’s junctures. Applying rigorous immigrant entrepreneurship theories, yet wary of orthodoxies, Kim examines the intriguing paths which Korean entrepreneurs have taken to develop their businesses in the Argentine garment industry amidst complex, frantically volatile social and economic circumstances, and argues for the application of a new approach that combines existing theories with historically contextual perspectives. This unique case study on Korean immigrant entrepreneurship in Latin America represents a significant milestone in the fields of migration and Korean studies and a substantial contribution to bridging the gap between the North, where such inquiries abound, and the South, where the history, settlement, and current status of Korean immigrants have been notoriously under-examined.
Author | : Samuel Noh |
Publisher | : University of Toronto Press |
Total Pages | : 313 |
Release | : 2012-09-06 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1442662530 |
Koreans are one of the fastest-growing visible minority groups in Canada today. However, very few studies of their experiences in Canada or their paths of integration are available to public and academic communities. Korean Immigrants in Canada provides the first scholarly collection of papers on Korean immigrants and their offspring from interdisciplinary, social scientific perspectives. The contributors explore the historical, psychological, social, and economic dimensions of Korean migration, settlement, and integration across the country. A variety of important topics are covered, including the demographic profile of Korean-Canadians, immigrant entrepreneurship, mental health and stress, elder care, language maintenance, and the experiences of students and the second generation. Readers will find interconnecting themes and synthesized findings throughout the chapters. Most importantly, this collection serves as a platform for future research on Koreans in Canada.
Author | : Robert Kloosterman |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 358 |
Release | : 2003-11 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
This work states that immigrant entrepreneurship rose dramatically in the 20th century and has had a huge impact on urban life. Not only has immigrant business revitalized derelict shopping streets, but it has also introduced 'exotic' products of social cohesion.
Author | : Leo Paul Dana |
Publisher | : Edward Elgar Publishing |
Total Pages | : 849 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1847209963 |
Professor Dana and his colleagues have carefully and successfully put together a collection of chapters on ethnic minority entrepreneurship from all parts of the world. The book comprises eight parts and 49 chapters. Undoubtedly, given the massive size and content of a 835-page book, it is fair to ask, is it value for money? The answer is unequivocally yes! A further comment on the content of the book should probably reassure potential readers and buyers of the book. . . This collection is undoubtedly rich, creative and varied in many respects. Therefore, it will be of great benefit to researchers and scholars alike. . . I will strongly recommend this book to researchers, students, teachers and policy-makers. Aminu Mamman, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research The volume presents an impressive panorama of studies on ethnic entrepreneurships ranging from Dalits in India to Roma entrepreneurs in Hungary. B.P. Corrie, Choice From a focus on middle-man minorities in the 1950s, the study of minority ethnic entrepreneurship has evolved into a vast undertaking. A major ingredient in this expansion is the massive population movements of the past thirty years that have created ethnic minority communities in almost all advanced economies. From New York to San Francisco, from Birmingham to Hamburg, from the Chinese in Canada, to the Turks in Finland, to the Ghanians in South Africa to the Lebanese in New Zealand, more than twenty chapters in this volume treat small-scale ethnic entrepreneurship and the cultural and institutional resources which support it. At the other end of the spectrum, the ethnic Chinese have created ever larger multi-divisional enterprises in the host societies of Southeast Asia. At the mid-point of the spectrum, analyzed in an elegant paper by Ivan Light, is the recently identified transmigrant entrepreneur accultured in two societies but assimilated in neither whose special endowments have provided the lynchpin for for much of the international trade expansion in the global economy over the past decade. And Dana and Morris provide us with much more Afro-American entrepreneurship, caste and class, the theory of clubs, women ethnic entrepreneurs, minority ethnicity and IPOs. In the quality of its contributions and in the reach of its coverage, this Handbook attains a very high standard. Peter Kilby, Wesleyan University, US The new Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship, edited by Léo-Paul Dana, constitutes a major contribution to the literature on ethnic enterprise. Unlike previous work, which tended to focus on one country or one region of the world, this book is global in scope. You will find chapters on America, Europe, and Asia, as well as integrative essays that review important principles and concepts from the literature on ethnic entrepreneurship. I particularly appreciate the historical and evolutionary framework within which the contributions are situated. This book belongs on the shelf of everyone who has an interest in immigration and entrepreneurship or ethnic entrepreneurship more generally. Howard Aldrich, University of North Carolina, US This exhaustive, interdisciplinary Handbook explores the phenomena of immigration and ethnic minority entrepreneurship in light of marked changes since the mid-twentieth century and the advent of easier, more affordable travel and more open and integrated national economies. The international contributors, key experts in their respective fields, illustrate that myriad ethnic minorities exist across the globe, and that their entrepreneurship can and does significantly influence national economies. The contributors go on to promote our understanding of which factors make for successful entrepreneurship, and, perhaps more importantly, how negative political consequences that members of successful entrepreneurial ethnic minorities might face can be minimized. This extensive collection of current research on entrepr
Author | : Kwang Chung Kim |
Publisher | : JHU Press |
Total Pages | : 268 |
Release | : 1999-07-06 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780801861048 |
Conflict between Korean Americans and African Americans attracted national attention in the aftermath of the 1992 Rodney King trial in Los Angeles. The news media seized upon the violent riots and depicted Korean shop owners as gun-wielding exploiters of the African American poor. Absent from the barrage of media coverage was the Korean American point of view and experience of the inner city economy and racial relations. This new volume of essays written largely by Korean American scholars adds substantially to our understanding of interracial, multiethnic conflict by examining relations between the Korean American and African American communities in three major American cities: Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York. Edited by sociologist Kwang Chung Kim, the book brings together similar yet contrasting studies of Korean American and African American conflict. Korean Americans find themselves economically powerful, but weak politically. African Americans, however, wield considerable political clout even though they may have little economic power. Koreans in the 'Hood offers the Korean American perspective on coexisting with African Americans in some of the poorest areas of American cities. Each chapter focuses on a particular city and experience, offering a unique opportunity for inter-city comparison as the contributors explore three overt forms of Korean American and African American confrontation: interpersonal dispute, boycott, and mass violence. The first part of the book examines Korean American experience of the conflict in Los Angeles. It then details the social, political, and economic tensions arising from the African American boycott of Korean fruit and vegetable merchants in New York. The final chapters concern the Korean American experience of conflict in Chicago. Throughout, the authors rely on empirical data and seek to trace the roots of conflict, the consequences, and future directions of relations between the two groups. What emerges is an unique account of Korean Americans caught between the poor African American population and the larger, more affluent white population.
Author | : Ivan Light |
Publisher | : Univ of California Press |
Total Pages | : 523 |
Release | : 2023-09-01 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0520911989 |
A decade in preparation, Immigrant Entrepreneurs offers the most comprehensive case study ever completed of the causes and consequences of immigrant business ownership. Koreans are the most entrepreneurial of America's new immigrants. By the mid-1970s Americans had already become aware that Korean immigrants were opening, buying, and operating numerous business enterprises in major cities. When Koreans flourished in small business, Americans wanted to know how immigrants could find lucrative business opportunities where native-born Americans could not. Somewhat later, when Korean-black conflicts surfaced in a number of cities, Americans also began to fear the implications for intergroup relations of immigrant entrepreneurs who start in the middle rather than at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Nowhere was immigrant enterprise more obvious or impressive than in Los Angeles, the world's largest Korean settlement outside of Korea and America's premier city of small business. Analyzing both the short-run and the long-run causes of Korean entrepreneurship, the authors explain why the Koreans could find, acquire, and operate small business firms more easily than could native-born residents. They also provide a context for distinguishing clashes of culture and clashes of interest which cause black-Korean tensions in cities, and for framing effective policies to minimize the tensions.