Probing Gravity From The Alternative To The Effective
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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 166 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
While general relativity is a very successful theory of gravity, having thus far passed all observational tests with flying colors, it is thought to be incomplete. Indeed, we lack an ultimate high energy theory in which general relativity and quantum mechanics are both valid. We consider extensions to the action of general relativity, and seek to place constraints on these alternative theories using astrophysical tests. General relativity has been extensively tested in the solar system, but not with precision in strong gravity systems. We discuss constraints that could be placed on alternative theories using neutron stars. We find that we may not be able to distinguish between general relativity and some alternative theories in the spacetimes around black holes. We also discuss constraints from cosmological tests, and show that instabilities can appear. Adding higher-order terms to the action of general relativity can introduce new dynamical degrees of freedom and instabilities. From the standpoint of effective field theory however, these alternative theories are inconsistent because they are not unitary. In an effective field theory, no new degree of freedom is introduced. This also means that extra polarizations of gravitational waves, which are predicted by some alternative theories, would not be present in an effective field theory. We then consider an effective field theoretic formulation for gravitational radiation called Non-Relativistic General Relativity (NRGR). We study the gravitational wave emission in non-relativistic coalescing compact binaries, which are thought to be powerful emitters of gravitational waves. While NRGR is based on the post-newtonian (PN) approximation to general relativity, and should therefore be in complete agreement with other post-newtonian methods, the effective field theory approach provides two major advantages: it provides a consistent framework for the dynamics using a lagrangian formulation; also, one can in principle compute observables to all orders in the orbital velocity in a systematic way. We provide a brief overview of NRGR methods, and present the NRGR calculation of the subleading spin-orbit correction to the newtonian potential.
| Author | : Delphine Laure Gaelle Perrodin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 166 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
While general relativity is a very successful theory of gravity, having thus far passed all observational tests with flying colors, it is thought to be incomplete. Indeed, we lack an ultimate high energy theory in which general relativity and quantum mechanics are both valid. We consider extensions to the action of general relativity, and seek to place constraints on these alternative theories using astrophysical tests. General relativity has been extensively tested in the solar system, but not with precision in strong gravity systems. We discuss constraints that could be placed on alternative theories using neutron stars. We find that we may not be able to distinguish between general relativity and some alternative theories in the spacetimes around black holes. We also discuss constraints from cosmological tests, and show that instabilities can appear. Adding higher-order terms to the action of general relativity can introduce new dynamical degrees of freedom and instabilities. From the standpoint of effective field theory however, these alternative theories are inconsistent because they are not unitary. In an effective field theory, no new degree of freedom is introduced. This also means that extra polarizations of gravitational waves, which are predicted by some alternative theories, would not be present in an effective field theory. We then consider an effective field theoretic formulation for gravitational radiation called Non-Relativistic General Relativity (NRGR). We study the gravitational wave emission in non-relativistic coalescing compact binaries, which are thought to be powerful emitters of gravitational waves. While NRGR is based on the post-newtonian (PN) approximation to general relativity, and should therefore be in complete agreement with other post-newtonian methods, the effective field theory approach provides two major advantages: it provides a consistent framework for the dynamics using a lagrangian formulation; also, one can in principle compute observables to all orders in the orbital velocity in a systematic way. We provide a brief overview of NRGR methods, and present the NRGR calculation of the subleading spin-orbit correction to the newtonian potential.
| Author | : Piero Nicolini |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 392 |
| Release | : 2015-10-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319200461 |
These proceedings collect the selected contributions of participants of the First Karl Schwarzschild Meeting on Gravitational Physics, held in Frankfurt, Germany to celebrate the 140th anniversary of Schwarzschild's birth. They are grouped into 4 main themes: I. The Life and Work of Karl Schwarzschild; II. Black Holes in Classical General Relativity, Numerical Relativity, Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Alternative Theories of Gravity; III. Black Holes in Quantum Gravity and String Theory; IV. Other Topics in Contemporary Gravitation. Inspired by the foundational principle ``By acknowledging the past, we open a route to the future", the week-long meeting, envisioned as a forum for exchange between scientists from all locations and levels of education, drew participants from 15 countries across 4 continents. In addition to plenary talks from leading researchers, a special focus on young talent was provided, a feature underlined by the Springer Prize for the best student and junior presentations.
| Author | : Xavier Calmet |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2014-11-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319108522 |
Beginning with an overview of the theory of black holes by the editor, this book presents a collection of ten chapters by leading physicists dealing with the variety of quantum mechanical and quantum gravitational effects pertinent to black holes. The contributions address topics such as Hawking radiation, the thermodynamics of black holes, the information paradox and firewalls, Monsters, primordial black holes, self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates, the formation of small black holes in high energetic collisions of particles, minimal length effects in black holes and small black holes at the Large Hadron Collider. Viewed as a whole the collection provides stimulating reading for researchers and graduate students seeking a summary of the quantum features of black holes.
| Author | : Enrico Morgante |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 223 |
| Release | : 2017-10-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319676067 |
This thesis covers several theoretical aspects of WIMP (weakly interacting massive particles) dark matter searches, with a particular emphasis on colliders. It mainly focuses on the use of effective field theories as a tool for Large Hadron Collider (LHC) searches, discussing in detail the issue of their validity, and on simplified dark matter models, which are receiving a growing attention from the physics community. It highlights the theoretical consistency of simplified models, which is essential in order to correctly exploit their potential and for them to be a common reference when comparing results from different experiments. This thesis is of interest to researchers (both theorists and experimentalists) in the field of dark matter searches, and offers a comprehensive introduction to dark matter and to WIMP searches for students and non-experts.
| Author | : Tjonnie G. F. Li |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 243 |
| Release | : 2015-07-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319192736 |
Tjonnie Li's thesis covers two applications of Gravitational Wave astronomy: tests of General Relativity in the strong-field regime and cosmological measurements. The first part of the thesis focuses on the so-called TIGER, i.e. Test Infrastructure for General Relativity, an innovative Bayesian framework for performing hypothesis tests of modified gravity using ground-based GW data. After developing the framework, Li simulates a variety of General Relativity deviations and demonstrates the ability of the aforementioned TIGER to measure them. The advantages of the method are nicely shown and compared to other, less generic methods. Given the extraordinary implications that would result from any measured deviation from General Relativity, it is extremely important that a rigorous statistical approach for supporting these results would be in place before the first Gravitational Wave detections begin. In developing TIGER, Tjonnie Li shows a large amount of creativity and originality, and his contribution is an important step in the direction of a possible discovery of a deviation (if any) from General Relativity. In another section, Li's thesis deals with cosmology, describing an exploratory study where the possibility of cosmological parameters measurement through gravitational wave compact binary coalescence signals associated with electromagnetic counterparts is evaluated. In particular, the study explores the capabilities of the future Einstein Telescope observatory. Although of very long term-only applicability, this is again a thorough investigation, nicely put in the context of the current and the future observational cosmology.
| Author | : Carlos Martins |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 257 |
| Release | : 2013-04-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401732728 |
The workshop on The Cosmology of Extra Dimensions and Varying Fundamental Constants, which was part of JENAM 2002, was held at the Physics Department of the University of Porto (FCUP) from the 3rd to the 5th of September 2002. It was regularly attended by about 110 participants, of which 65 were officially registered in the VFC workshop, while the others came from the rest of the JENAM workshops. There were also a few science correspondents from the national and international press. During the 3 days of the scientific programme, 8 Invited Reviews and 30 Oral Communications were presented. The speakers came from 11 different European countries, and also from Argentina, Australia, Canada, Japan and the U.S.A. There were also speakers from six Portuguese research institutions, and nine of the speak ers were Ph.D. students. The contributions are presented in these proceedings in chronological order. The workshop brought together string theorists, particle physicists, theoretical and observational cosmologists, relativists and observational astrophysicists. It was generally agreed that this inter-disciplinarity was the greatest strength of the work shop, since it provided people coming into this very recent topic from the various different backgrounds with an opportunity to understand each other's language and thereby gain a more solid understanding of the overall picture.
| Author | : Mustafa Abdulkader Amin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 175 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Abhay Ashtekar |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 697 |
| Release | : 2015-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 110703731X |
Explore spectacular advances in contemporary physics with this unique celebration of the centennial of Einstein's discovery of general relativity.
| Author | : Iberê Kuntz |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 82 |
| Release | : 2019-05-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030211975 |
Despite the success of general relativity in explaining classical gravitational phenomena, several problems at the interface between gravitation and high energy physics still remain open. The purpose of this thesis is to explore quantum gravity and its phenomenological consequences for dark matter, gravitational waves and inflation. A new formalism to classify gravitational theories based on their degrees of freedom is introduced and, in light of this classification, it is argued that dark matter is no different from modified gravity. Gravitational waves are shown to be damped due to quantum degrees of freedom. The consequences for gravitational wave events are also discussed. The non-minimal coupling of the Higgs boson to gravity is studied in connection with Starobinsky inflation and its implications for the vacuum instability problem is analyzed.
