Thermal Processing of Packaged Foods

Thermal Processing of Packaged Foods
Author: S. Donald Holdsworth
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 525
Release: 2015-11-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319249045

This new edition discusses the physical and engineering aspects of the thermal processing of packaged foods and examines the methods which have been used to establish the time and temperature of processes suitable to achieve adequate sterilization or pasteurization of the packaged food. The third edition is totally renewed and updated, including new concepts and areas that are relevant for thermal food processing: This edition is formed by 22 chapters—arranged in five parts—that maintain great parts of the first and second editions The First part includes five chapters analyzing different topics associated to heat transfer mechanism during canning process, kinetic of microbial death, sterilization criteria and safety aspect of thermal processing. The second part, entitled Thermal Food Process Evaluation Techniques, includes six chapters and discusses the main process evaluation techniques. The third part includes six chapters treating subjects related with pressure in containers, simultaneous sterilization and thermal food processing equipment. The fourth part includes four chapters including computational fluid dynamics and multi-objective optimization. The fifth part, entitled Innovative Thermal Food Processing, includes a chapter focused on two innovative processes used for food sterilization such high pressure with thermal sterilization and ohmic heating. Thermal Processing of Pa ckaged Foods, Third Edition is intended for a broad audience, from undergraduate to post graduate students, scientists, engineers and professionals working for the food industry.

Principles of the Theory of Heat

Principles of the Theory of Heat
Author: Ernst Mach
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 479
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 9400946228

xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious. " II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale.

Principles Of Heat Transfer

Principles Of Heat Transfer
Author: D. Srinivasan
Publisher: New Age International
Total Pages: 552
Release: 2007
Genre: Energy transfer
ISBN: 9788122415025

The Presentation Adopted In The Preparation Endeavors To Convey To The Student In A Simple Manner, A Physical Understanding Of The Processes By Which Heat Is Transmitted And Provide Him Or Her With The Tools Necessary To Get Quantitative Solutions To Engineering Problems Involving One Or More Of The Basic Modes Of Heat Flow. Sufficient Material Has Been Included In The Text To Cater To The Requirements Of The Undergraduate Curriculum. Illustrations Pertaining To The Different Modes Of Heat Transfer And The Design Calculations Of Heat Exchangers Have Been Liberally Included In The Text.The Purpose Of This Book Is To Present A Basic Introduction To The Field Of Engineering Heat Transfer. The Book Begins With A Brief Presentation Of The Importance Of Heat Transfer In Chemical And Processing Industry And The Modes Of Heat Transfer. Chapter 2, Dealing With Conduction, Includes A Few Aspects Of Conduction Phenomenon, Analogy Between Heat Flow And Electricity Flow, Critical Thickness And Conduction With Internal Generation Of Heat. In Chapter 3, The Concept Of Film Coefficients Is Presented And The Relationship Between The Individual And Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients Are Dealt With. The Phenomenon Of Unsteady State Heat Transfer And The Methods Of Solving One Dimensional Transient Heat Conduction Problems Have Been Discussed In Chapter 4, Which Is On Unsteady State Heat Conduction. Also The Application Of Molecular Transport Theory To The Unsteady State Heat Conduction Is Included.In Chapter 5, Which Is On Convection, A General Basic Concept, The Application Of Dimensional Analysis In The Case Of Forced And Free Convection, The Heat Transfer From Fins, The Heat Transfer To Fluids In Laminar Flow Inside Tubes, Heat Transfer From Condensed Vapours And Boiling Heat Transfer Are Included. The Various Types Of Heat Exchangers, The Concept Of Capacity Ratios, The Effectiveness Of Heat Exchanger, The Log Mean Temperature Difference, The Number Of Transfer Units (Ntu) And Calculations Pertaining To Heat Exchanger Design And The Effectiveness-Ntu Relationship Have Been Discussed In Chapter 6, Which Bears The Title 'Industrial Heat Exchange Equipment'.In Chapter 7, Which Is On Thermal Energy Transfer By Radiation, The Basic Concepts And Theory Of Radiation Are Presented. In Chapter 8, Which Deals With Evaporation, The Basic Concepts And Definitions, Boiling Point Elevation, Types Of Evaporators, Single And Multiple Effect Evaporation, The Occurrence Of Heat Transfer In Evaporators And The Analysis Of Performance Calculations Of Multiple Effect Evaporators Are Discussed At Some Length. Chapter 9, The Final Chapter, Presents A Brief Review Of Heat Transfer Principles.

Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement

Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement
Author: Thomas D. McGee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 608
Release: 1988-05-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780471627678

The concept of temperature. The thermodynamic temperature scale. Entropy, temperature and statistical mechanics. The international practical temperature scale. General characteristics of temperature measuring devices and treatment of data. Liquid-in-glass thermometers. Sealed liquid or gas sensing instruments and bimetallic sensors. Electrical resistance temperature measurement using metallic sensors. Thermistors and semiconductors for temperature measurement. Thermoelectric temperature measurement. Theory of radiant heat transfer as a basis for temperature measurement bu radiant techniques. The disappearing filament optical pyrometer. Photoelectric optical pyrometers (automatic and infrared). Total radiation pyrometers. Novel methods of temperature measurement. Pyrometric cones. Calibration methods. Installation effects. Dynamic response of sensors. Temperature instrumentation and control. Thermocouple reference tables.

Heat Transfer Principles and Applications

Heat Transfer Principles and Applications
Author: Charles H. Forsberg
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2020-03
Genre: Heat
ISBN: 0128022965

Heat Transfer Principles and Applications is a welcome change from more encyclopedic volumes exploring heat transfer. This shorter text fully explains the fundamentals of heat transfer, including heat conduction, convection, radiation and heat exchangers. The fundamentals are then applied to a variety of engineering examples, including topics of special and current interest like solar collectors, cooling of electronic equipment, and energy conservation in buildings. The text covers both analytical and numerical solutions to heat transfer problems and makes considerable use of Excel and MATLAB(R) in the solutions. Each chapter has several example problems and a large, but not overwhelming, number of end-of-chapter problems.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics
Author: Antonio Saggion
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 432
Release: 2019-10-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030269760

This book offers a comprehensive overview of thermodynamics. It is divided into four parts, the first of which equips readers with a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics of equilibrium states and of their evolution. The second part applies these principles to a series of generalized situations, presenting applications that are of interest both in their own right and in terms of demonstrating how thermodynamics, as a theory of principle, relates to different fields. In turn, the third part focuses on non-equilibrium configurations and the dynamics of natural processes. It discusses both discontinuous and continuous systems, highlighting the interference among non-equilibrium processes, and the nature of stationary states and of fluctuations in isolated systems. Lastly, part four introduces the relation between physics and information theory, which constitutes a new frontier in fundamental research. The book includes step-by-step exercises, with solutions, to help readers to gain a fuller understanding of the subjects, and also features a series of appendices providing useful mathematical formulae. Reflecting the content of modern university courses on thermodynamics, it is a valuable resource for students and young scientists in the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes

Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes
Author: John A. Duffie
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 936
Release: 2013-04-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0470873663

The updated fourth edition of the "bible" of solar energy theory and applications Over several editions, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes has become a classic solar engineering text and reference. This revised Fourth Edition offers current coverage of solar energy theory, systems design, and applications in different market sectors along with an emphasis on solar system design and analysis using simulations to help readers translate theory into practice. An important resource for students of solar engineering, solar energy, and alternative energy as well as professionals working in the power and energy industry or related fields, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Fourth Edition features: Increased coverage of leading-edge topics such as photovoltaics and the design of solar cells and heaters A brand-new chapter on applying CombiSys (a readymade TRNSYS simulation program available for free download) to simulate a solar heated house with solar- heated domestic hot water Additional simulation problems available through a companion website An extensive array of homework problems and exercises

The Entropy Principle

The Entropy Principle
Author: André Thess
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 186
Release: 2011-01-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642133495

Entropy – the key concept of thermodynamics, clearly explained and carefully illustrated. This book presents an accurate definition of entropy in classical thermodynamics which does not “put the cart before the horse” and is suitable for basic and advanced university courses in thermodynamics. Entropy is the most important and at the same time the most difficult term of thermodynamics to understand. Many students are discontent with its classical definition since it is either based on “temperature” and “heat” which both cannot be accurately defined without entropy, or since it includes concepts such as “molecular disorder” which does not fit in a macroscopic theory. The physicists Elliott Lieb and Jakob Yngvason have recently developed a new formulation of thermodynamics which is free of these problems. The Lieb-Yngvason formulation of classical thermodynamics is based on the concept of adiabatic accessibility and culminates in the entropy principle. The entropy principle represents the accurate mathematical formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Temperature becomes a derived quantity whereas ”heat” is no longer needed. This book makes the Lieb-Yngvason theory accessible to students. The presentation is supplemented by seven illustrative examples which explain the application of entropy and the entropy principle in practical problems in science and engineering.

Theory of Heat

Theory of Heat
Author: James Clerk Maxwell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 346
Release: 1871
Genre: Science
ISBN:

This classic sets forth the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetic theory simply enough to be understood by beginners, yet with enough subtlety to appeal to more advanced readers, too.