Pricing American Call Options with Dividend and Stochastic Interest Rates

Pricing American Call Options with Dividend and Stochastic Interest Rates
Author: Shu-Ing Liu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

This article presents a closed form solution for pricing American stock call options with one known dividend under the Ho-Lee stochastic interest rate assumptions. Both the closed-form pricing formula and delta hedge ratio formula for the discussed American stock call options are derived. The correlation between the underlying stock price process and the discount factor process is suitably established. Numerical analyses demonstrate that there are some crucial parameters, the correlation coefficient between the stock price process and the discount factor process, and the amount of dividend, that have an impact on the option price and the delta hedge ratio. These results provide researchers and participants with some pricing and hedging applications in the real financial market.

American Options with Stochastic Dividends and Volatility

American Options with Stochastic Dividends and Volatility
Author: Mark Broadie
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

In this paper, we consider American option contracts when the underlying asset has stochastic dividends and stochastic volatility. We provide a full discussion of the theoretical foundations of American option valuation and exercise boundaries. We show how they depend on the various sources of uncertainty which drive dividend rates and volatility, and derive equilibrium asset prices, derivative prices and optimal exercise boundaries in a general equilibrium model. The theoretical models yield fairly complex expressions which are difficult to estimate. We therefore adopt a nonparametric approach which enables us to investigate reduced forms. Indeed, we use nonparametric methods to estimate call prices and exercise boundaries conditional on dividends and volatility. Since the latter is a latent process, we propose several approaches, notably using EGARCH filtered estimates, implied and historical volatilities. The nonparametric approach allows us to test whether call prices and exercise decisions are primarily driven by dividends, as has been advocated by Harvey and Whaley (1992a,b) and Fleming and Whaley (1994) for the OEX contract, or whether stochastic volatility complements dividend uncertainty. We find that dividends alone do not account for all aspects of call option pricing and exercise decisions, suggesting a need to include stochastic volatility.

The Numerical Solution of the American Option Pricing Problem

The Numerical Solution of the American Option Pricing Problem
Author: Carl Chiarella
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 223
Release: 2014-10-14
Genre: Options (Finance)
ISBN: 9814452629

The early exercise opportunity of an American option makes it challenging to price and an array of approaches have been proposed in the vast literature on this topic. In The Numerical Solution of the American Option Pricing Problem, Carl Chiarella, Boda Kang and Gunter Meyer focus on two numerical approaches that have proved useful for finding all prices, hedge ratios and early exercise boundaries of an American option. One is a finite difference approach which is based on the numerical solution of the partial differential equations with the free boundary problem arising in American option pricing, including the method of lines, the component wise splitting and the finite difference with PSOR. The other approach is the integral transform approach which includes Fourier or Fourier Cosine transforms. Written in a concise and systematic manner, Chiarella, Kang and Meyer explain and demonstrate the advantages and limitations of each of them based on their and their co-workers'' experiences with these approaches over the years. Contents: Introduction; The Merton and Heston Model for a Call; American Call Options under Jump-Diffusion Processes; American Option Prices under Stochastic Volatility and Jump-Diffusion Dynamics OCo The Transform Approach; Representation and Numerical Approximation of American Option Prices under Heston; Fourier Cosine Expansion Approach; A Numerical Approach to Pricing American Call Options under SVJD; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index; About the Authors. Readership: Post-graduates/ Researchers in finance and applied mathematics with interest in numerical methods for American option pricing; mathematicians/physicists doing applied research in option pricing. Key Features: Complete discussion of different numerical methods for American options; Able to handle stochastic volatility and/or jump diffusion dynamics; Able to produce hedge ratios efficiently and accurately"

Option Pricing

Option Pricing
Author: Robert A. Jarrow
Publisher: Irwin Professional Publishing
Total Pages: 272
Release: 1983
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

Pricing American Option Based on a Chebyshev Approximation of the Early Exercise Boundary

Pricing American Option Based on a Chebyshev Approximation of the Early Exercise Boundary
Author: Elias Tzavalis
Publisher:
Total Pages: 35
Release: 2002
Genre:
ISBN:

In this paper we introduce a new method of pricing an American call option by approximating its early exercise boundary based on Chebyshev polynomial functions. We implement the method to price options under the standard assumptions of the Black-Scholes model, for European options, and under stochastic volatility. For the latter, we provide an integral representation which unbundles the American call option price to Arrow-Debreu security prices. Numerical results indicate that our method is an effective alternative to other exercise boundary approximation methods under both the standard assumptions of the Black-Scholes and stochastic volatility.

Analytical Pricing American Call Option with Dividend

Analytical Pricing American Call Option with Dividend
Author: Chie-Bein Chen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 12
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

American options provide early exercise opportunities to pose the additional difficulty to obtain the closed-form solution. In this study, a recursive formula is developed for determining the optimal exercise price of American call options with dividend based on the backward dynamic programming recursions and the Black-Scholes model combined with the Martingale pricing and the Girsanov Theorem. This recursive formula can be applied to two kinds of American call option pricing methods. One is analytical (closed-form) solution method, and the other is numerically analytical solution method. Numerically analytical solution method is an approach using the recursive formula through backward iterations only so that it is unable to obtain a general closed-form solution of America call option. The other one applies the backward recursive formula and the Taylor Series expansion to determine a general closed-form solution of the American call option.

The Valuation of Compound Options and American Calls on Dividend Paying Stocks with Time-Varying Volatility

The Valuation of Compound Options and American Calls on Dividend Paying Stocks with Time-Varying Volatility
Author: Steven B. Raymar
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

This paper extends Geske's (1979a) compound European call option pricing model and the Roll (1977), Geske (1979b), and Whaley (1981) (RGW) American call pricing model to the case where the variance of the underlying asset changes deterministically. The theoretical analysis shows that the generalized models use integrals of the time-varying variance in the same way as Merton's (1973) generalization of the Black and Scholes (1973) European option pricing model. The resulting analytic expressions require two variance parameters and an adjusted correlation coefficient for the relevant bivariate normal distribution. The comparison of our time-varying model with RGW reveals small differences which may vary in sign. For at-the-money options, if stock variability decreases after dividend payment dates, then initial RGW prices are biased low; conversely, RGW prices are too high if variability has a tendency to increase after dividends.

Valuing American Options Using Fast Recursive Projections

Valuing American Options Using Fast Recursive Projections
Author: Antonio Cosma
Publisher:
Total Pages: 67
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

We introduce a fast and widely applicable numerical pricing method that uses recursive projections. The method is based on a simple grid sampling of value functions and state-price densities. Numerical illustrations with different American and Bermudan payoffs with dividend paying stocks in the Black Scholes and Heston models show that the method is fast, accurate, and general. We find that the early exercise boundary of an American call option on a discrete dividend paying stock is higher under the Merton and Heston models than under the Black-Scholes model, as opposed to the continuous dividend case. A large database of call options on stocks with quarterly dividends shows that adding stochastic volatility and jumps to the Black-Scholes benchmark reduces the amount foregone by call holders failing to optimally exercise by 25%. Transaction fees cannot fully explain the suboptimal behavior.