Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem

Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem
Author: Erman Yılmaz
Publisher: Erman Yılmaz
Total Pages:
Release:
Genre: Science
ISBN:

To its proponents, the cryptocurrency Bitcoin offers the potential to disrupt payment systems and traditional currencies. It has also been subject to security breaches and wild price fluctuations. This paper identifies and analyzes the impact of suspicious trading activity on the Mt. Gox Bitcoin currency exchange, in which approximately 600,000 bitcoins (BTC) valued at $188 million were fraudulently acquired. During both periods, the USD-BTC exchange rate rose by an average of four percent on days when suspicious trades took place, compared to a slight decline on days without suspicious activity. Based on rigorous analysis with extensive robustness checks, the paper demonstrates that the suspicious trading activity likely caused the unprecedented spike in the USD-BTC exchange rate in late 2013, when the rate jumped from around $150 to more than $1,000 in two months.

Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem

Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem
Author: Neil Gandal
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2017
Genre: Bitcoin
ISBN:

We identify and analyze the impact of suspicious trading activity (STA) on the Mt. Gox Bitcoin currency exchange between February and November 2013. We discuss two distinct STA periods in which approximately 600,000 bitcoin (BTC) valued at $188 million were acquired by agents who did not pay for the bitcoins. During the second period, the USD-BTC exchange rate rose by an average of $20 at Mt. Gox on days when suspicious trades took place, compared to a slight decline on days without suspicious activity. Based on rigorous analysis with extensive robustness checks, we conclude that the suspicious trading activity caused the unprecedented spike in the USD-BTC exchange rate in late 2013, when the rate jumped from around $150 to more than $1,000 in two months.

Metcalfe's Law as a Model for Bitcoin's Value

Metcalfe's Law as a Model for Bitcoin's Value
Author: Timothy Peterson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 21
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

This paper demonstrates that bitcoin's medium- to long-term price follows Metcalfe's law. Bitcoin is modeled as a token digital currency, a medium of exchange with no intrinsic value that is transacted within a defined electronic network. Per Metcalfe's law, the value of a network is a function of the number of pairs transactions possible, and is proportional to n-squared. A Gompertz curve is used to model the inflationary effects associated with the creation of new bitcoin. The result is a parsimonious model of supply (number of bitcoins) and demand (number of bitcoin wallets), with the conclusion bitcoin's price fits Metcalfe's law exceptionally well. Metcalfe's law is used to investigate Gandal's et.al. [2018] assertion of price manipulation in the Bitcoin ecosystem during 2013-2014.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin
Author: Roger Svensson
Publisher: Independently Published
Total Pages: 179
Release: 2021-07-05
Genre:
ISBN:

"There is little doubt that members of the cryptocurrency community have all the hallmarks of cult followers. For cult members wishing to be deprogrammed, as well as those seeking sound information and analysis, Bitcoin: Unlicensed Gambling is a most edifying and useful read." - Prof. Steve H. Hanke, founder and co-director of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise, and a senior fellow and the director of the Troubled Currencies Project at the Cato Institute. Promoters claim that bitcoin is a new type of money, reduces transactions costs by abandoning intermediaries and will become a safe asset that they call "digital gold". In this book, we dissect these claims and explain what bitcoin really is. Economic theory states that money should reduce transaction costs for payments, loans, and relative valuations, which requires a stable value. We show that the extreme price volatility and the high transaction costs - especially the time component - make bitcoin almost useless as money. Bitcoin increases, instead of reduces, transactions costs. Furthermore, an intermediary exists - the miner - who charges a transaction fee. The fundamental value of assets is based on their cash flow or utility, which applies for shares, bonds, real estate, and intellectual property. Gold is the best-known store of value and a hedge against financial crisis and inflation. Bitcoin has no cash flow or utility, and statistics show that it is no hedge against anything. It is, in fact, pro-cyclical and its crashes of 50 % in 2018 and 2021 are unmatched by any of the main fiat currencies in the last 50 years. Bitcoin has no intrinsic value and is not anything at all like digital gold. Bitcoin is an open Ponzi scheme. The Ponzi is "open" since it is public knowledge that there are no assets at all backing a bitcoin. To the promoters of bitcoin, the lack of assets is "a feature and not a bug." The main function of the bitcoin network is simply unlicensed gambling, where new players redeem those who entered earlier. It is a zero-sum game. Finally, the bitcoin system has no responsible issuer. So, if the system breaks down, holders have nobody from whom to claim - or to whom to assign blame. Although bitcoin is nothing other than a public and decentralized ledger of accounts and transactions, the bitcoin network and its promoters have been very successful in increasing the market value of a bitcoin from 10 to 30,000 USD in 10 years. Promoters of bitcoin use methods that include: 1) distracting investors from which functions bitcoin has or does not have; 2) directing attention to irrelevant technobabble; and 3) manipulating trade and prices in the bitcoin market. Marketing of a strong brand and visual illusions in the form of physical glittering coins make the impression that bitcoin is something valuable. But we show that it is not. The average investor is succumbing to these successful methods and risks their house, savings, and pension. We show that bitcoin is also used for criminal activities such as ransomware payments, tax evasion, and money laundering. The bitcoin network consumes vast amounts of electricity and critical advanced computer chips, which consumption creates negative externalities in the form of higher prices and shortages in other sectors. With no fundamental function, not even providing governments with tax revenue specifically due from the unlicensed gambling that bitcoin really is, bitcoin's actual value for society is negative. We propose that, before there is more damage to the public, government gambling regulators immediately enforce existing regulations and take action to investigate those who operate the bitcoin network.

Economics of Information Security

Economics of Information Security
Author: L. Jean Camp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2006-04-11
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1402080905

Designed for managers struggling to understand the risks in organizations dependent on secure networks, this book applies economics not to generate breakthroughs in theoretical economics, but rather breakthroughs in understanding the problems of security.

Demystifying Global Macroeconomics

Demystifying Global Macroeconomics
Author: John E. Marthinsen
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 873
Release: 2020-02-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 154740146X

Demystifying Global Macroeconomics (DGM) provides readers with a practical, working use of international macroeconomics. For serious business and political leaders, understanding the global interconnections in economic and financial markets is crucial for making informed and well-timed decisions. DGM takes the mystery out of seemingly complex economic interactions by providing an easy-to-understand framework within which to analyze the effects of economic, social, and political shocks to a nation’s economy. John E. Marthinsen integrates the three major macroeconomic sectors, which are the credit market, goods and services market, and foreign exchange market. The author provides the reader with contemporary examples that virtually leap off the front pages of our daily news reports and confront business managers and politicians with choices and decisions to make. For example, DGM shows how to use macroeconomic tools and a global framework to analyze the effects of: U.S. tariffs on China and China’s tariffs on the United States Infrastructure spending Speculative capital outflows from nations under stress, such as Argentina and Turkey, and speculative capital inflows into safe-haven countries, such as Switzerland Demonetization in India Successfully fighting the opioid abuse problem in the United States Border adjustment tax Monetary policies Fiscal policies Marthinsen keeps readers visually engaged with the strategic use of figures, tables, charts, and illustrative exhibits. Demystifying Global Macroeconomics emphasizes the interaction among markets and equips readers with a macroeconomic perspective that will last (and be used) for years. If you are adopting this book for a teaching course, please contact [email protected] to request additional instructional material.

Understanding Cryptocurrencies

Understanding Cryptocurrencies
Author: Ariel Santos-Alborna
Publisher: Business Expert Press
Total Pages: 178
Release: 2021-08-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1637421001

Understanding Cryptocurrencies is perfect for both introductory investors to the digital asset space and experienced investors seeking to gain practical insight into frameworks for understanding digital assets and valuation metrics. The book provides in-depth analysis of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and the different types of Altcoins in the ecosystem. The author demonstrates an empirical approach to explaining how digital assets can fit into a diversified portfolio of traditional financial assets, or as a standalone portfolio in a parallel financial ecosystem. The book contains fundamental, technical, and on-chain analytic tools for investors to better understand Bitcoin price cycles that will ultimately lead to better returns. The capital from these price cycles oftentimes migrates to other digital assets, creating a robust ecosystem and providing opportunities for enterprising investors to generate additional alpha. In Understanding Cryptocurrencies, the author also offers options for asset custody and counterargument breakdowns to create better informed investors. Lastly, the author provides poignant insight into the economic inefficiencies created from decades of Central Bank interest rate manipulation and monetary expansion. These inefficiencies have had social, political, and economic implications. It is ultimately due to these inefficiencies that a global sound money vacuum exists for Bitcoin and other digital assets to exploit.

Blockchain in Supply Chain Digital Transformation

Blockchain in Supply Chain Digital Transformation
Author: Trevor Clohessy
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 218
Release: 2023-02-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 100084420X

Blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) have been identified as emerging technologies that can enhance global supply chain management processes. Given the embryonic nature of the technology, use cases pertaining to how it can be adopted and deployed in supply chain contexts are scarce. This book shares blockchain supply chain use cases across a range of industries including smart cities, food imports, product traceability, decentralised finance, procurement, energy management, consensus mechanism security, and industry 4.0. Given its scope, it is primarily intended for academics, students, researchers, and practitioners who want to learn more about how blockchain can digitally transform global supply chains.

Trusts and Private Wealth Management

Trusts and Private Wealth Management
Author: Richard Nolan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 343
Release: 2022-12-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1009058835

There has been insufficient literature focusing on the world-changing rise of Asian wealth. Private wealth in Asia is very substantial, with 33 per cent of the global population of high-net-worth individuals based in Asia. Yet, there is a dearth of legal analysis of Asian wealth, particularly by texts written in English. This collection aims to fill that gap, with chapters on legal issues in relation to Asian wealth transmission, investments in international real estate, familial disputes, family offices and private trust companies. A substantive section of this book also focuses on the changing legal context with chapters exploring trusts and cryptoassets, constructive trust, trustee's discretion and decision-making, changing regulatory environment and abuse of trust structures. This collection of essays on trusts and wealth management presents a focus on Asian wealth and the changing legal context, and follows the related publication, Trusts and Modern Wealth Management (Cambridge University Press, 2018).