Prediction Of Vigilance
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| Author | : D. A. Dobbins |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 1961 |
| Genre | : Automobile driving |
| ISBN | : |
"This report describes the second of two studies of vigilance in connection with a road test sponsored by the American Association of State Highway Officials and administered by the Highway Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Army drivers operated trucks over experimental highways (Nov 1958 to Nov 1960) under conditions conducive to boredom and fatigue -- characteristic of many Army monitoring jobs. The primary objective of this study was to determine which, if any, of several well-known psychological domains hold most promise for prediction of vigilance performance. A total of 39 predictor and 2 reference measures, grouped into 8 predictor clusters and a single reference cluster, were administered. In general, both reliability and validity coefficients were low. The most promising predictors were the Personality, Personal History, Driver Aptitude, and Perceptual Speed clusters. The Cognitive, Physical, Psychomotor, and Attitudinal clusters were least promising. In spite of large and fairly stable individual differences in detection performance, the highly specific nature of the criterion and possible subject-task interaction appears to restrict the utility of standard general psychological predictors. Measures paralleling more closely parameters of the criterion task -- signal rates, intersignal intervals, sensory modes -- might be expected to show greater promise."--Abstract.
| Author | : Guy Beauchamp |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 267 |
| Release | : 2015-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128019948 |
Animal Vigilance builds on the author's previous publication with Academic Press (Social Predation: How Group Living Benefits Predators and Prey) by developing several other themes including the development and mechanisms underlying vigilance, as well as developing more fully the evolution and function of vigilance. Animal vigilance has been at the forefront of research on animal behavior for many years, but no comprehensive review of this topic has existed. Students of animal behavior have focused on many aspects of animal vigilance, from models of its adaptive value to empirical research in the laboratory and in the field. The vast literature on vigilance is widely dispersed with often little contact between models and empirical work and between researchers focusing on different taxa such as birds and mammals. Animal Vigilance fills this gap in the available material. - Tackles vigilance from all angles, theoretical and empirical, while including the broadest range of species to underscore unifying themes - Discusses several newer developments in the area, such as vigilance copying and effect of food density - Highlights recent challenges to assumptions of traditional models of vigilance, such as the assumption that vigilance is independent among group members, which is reviewed during discussion of synchronization and coordination of vigilance in a group - Written by a top expert in animal vigilance
| Author | : United States. Dept. of the Army |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 1961 |
| Genre | : Military research |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Carsten Allefeld |
| Publisher | : Nova Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 9781604560220 |
What is the origin of meaning? How does the brain achieve symbolic computation? What are the neural correlates of cognitive processes? These challenging questions at the borderline between neuroscience, cognitive science, nonlinear dynamics, and philosophy are related to the symbol grounding problem: How is the meaning of words and utterances grounded in the dynamics of the brain and in the evolution of beings alive interacting with each other and with their environments? Simply by convention? Or is there an inherent correctness of names, of syllables, or even of sounds? This new book examines these important issues and presents probing analyses of the latest research.
| Author | : Gerald Ulrich |
| Publisher | : Bmed Press LLC |
| Total Pages | : 418 |
| Release | : 2013-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780982749821 |
Gerald Ulrich, MD provides an authoritative, advanced guide to theory-based EEG interpretation that is grounded in the Berlin Psychiatry School Model of EEG-Vigilance. The Berlin model is not well known in the United States. Instead, EEG is dominated by data-driven Q-EEG where one looks at mathematical correlations without a coherent theory to guide interpretation. This is the first known published book on this topic. Dr. Ulrich's aim is to help the reader increase self-confidence in EEG assessment in clinical practice or research and to facilitate more reliable and valid EEG interpretations. He provides a skilled synthesis of decades of EEG research alongside his expert insights from his 40 years of clinical experience and research with EEG. The reader will learn how to visually discern spatio-temporal patterns with 132 high-quality examples of EEG images - the majority within the course of spontaneous resting EEGs. Additionally, the EEG-pathology of psychiatric syndromes and the impact of common psychotropic medications on the EEG are described in detail. Another important contribution is the identification of a common type of biological artifact which has gone unnoticed in research that is likely responsible for the unsatisfactory test-retest reliability and questionable validity of the EEG; the author proposes a simple solution to this vexing artifact problem. In the second part of the book, the reader is introduced to novel QEEG procedures, especially related to EEG dynamics, which can be regarded as meaningful within the theory of EEG-vigilance.
| Author | : Robert Vineberg |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 242 |
| Release | : 1982 |
| Genre | : Job evaluation |
| ISBN | : |
Literature pertaining to prediction of enlisted military job performance, 1952-1980, was reviewed. The review excluded studies in which training performance or reenlistment is the criterion. Aptitude was the most frequently used predictor and supervisor ratings the most frequent criterion. Relationships among classes of criteria and between predictors and criteria were examined. Major classes of criteria were job proficiency, job performance, and suitability to military service. The following conclusions are supported by the review: (1) For the great majority of jobs, job knowledge tests appear to provide the most practical method of objective measurement; (2) Because job sample tests are very expensive to construct and administer, their use is not practical unless the job is extremely costly or critical; and (3) Use of supervisors' ratings as the only measure of job performance should be restricted to jobs for which motivation, social skill, and response to situational requirements are the only attributes worth measuring. Two promising approaches to improved prediction are the selective use of miniaturized training and assessment centers and the use of self-paced training performance as a predictor. The review includes abstracts of the studies that were reviewed.
| Author | : Lynne E. Miller |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 298 |
| Release | : 2002-04-04 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9780521011044 |
Edited work on behavioural strategies of primates in foraging for food, and avoiding being eaten.
| Author | : Guy Beauchamp |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 335 |
| Release | : 2013-12-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0124076548 |
The classic literature on predation dealt almost exclusively with solitary predators and their prey. Going back to Lotka-Volterra and optimal foraging theory, the theory about predation, including predator-prey population dynamics, was developed for solitary species. Various consequences of sociality for predators have been considered only recently. Similarly, while it was long recognized that prey species can benefit from living in groups, research on the adaptive value of sociality for prey species mostly emerged in the 1970s. The main theme of this book is the various ways that predators and prey may benefit from living in groups. The first part focusses on predators and explores how group membership influences predation success rate, from searching to subduing prey. The second part focusses on how prey in groups can detect and escape predators. The final section explores group size and composition and how individuals respond over evolutionary times to the challenges posed by chasing or being chased by animals in groups. This book will help the reader understand current issues in social predation theory and provide a synthesis of the literature across a broad range of animal taxa. - Includes the whole taxonomical range rather than limiting it to a select few - Features in-depth analysis that allows a better understanding of many subtleties surrounding the issues related to social predation - Presents both models and empirical results while covering the extensive predator and prey literature - Contains extensive illustrations and separate boxes that cover more technical features, i.e., to present models and review results
| Author | : Alain Corbin |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 326 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780674311763 |
In a book whose insight and originality have already had a dazzling impact in France, Alain Corbin has put the sense of smell on the historical map. He conjures up the dominion that the combined forces of smells--from the seductress's civet to the ubiquitous excremental odors of city cesspools--exercised over the lives (and deaths) of the French in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
| Author | : Raja Parasuraman |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 443 |
| Release | : 2008-02-13 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0199709416 |
Neuroergonomics can be defined as the study of brain and behavior at work. It combines two disciplines--neuroscience, the study of brain function, and human factors, the study of how to match technology with the capabilities and limitations of people so they can work effectively and safely. The goal of merging these two fields is to use the startling discoveries of human brain and physiological functioning both to inform the design of technologies in the workplace and home, and to provide new training methods that enhance performance, expand capabilities, and opitimize the fit between people and technology. Research in the area of neuroergonomics has blossomed in recent years with the emergence of noninvasive techniques for monitoring human brain function that cna be used to study various aspects of human behavior in relation to technology and work, including mental workload, visual attention, working memory, motor control, human-automation interaction, and adaptive automation. This volume will provide the first systematic overview of this emerging area, describing the theoretical background, basic research, major methods, as well as the new and future areas of application. This collection will benefit a number of readers: the experienced researcher investigating related questions in human factors and cognitive neuroscience, the student wishing to get a rapid but systematic overview of the field, and the designer interested in novel approaches and new ideas for application. Researchers in human factors and ergonomics, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, medicine, industrial engineering, and computer science will find this volume most helpful.
