Nuclear power, a term that evokes both fascination and apprehension, stands at the forefront of energy discussions today. While it holds the potential to provide a clean, abundant, and reliable source of electricity, it is also burdened with a legacy of safety concerns and public distrust. This book aims to delve into the intricate world of nuclear power, exploring its scientific underpinnings, technological advancements, societal implications, and future prospects. Our journey begins by delving into the fundamental principles of nuclear physics, unraveling the mysteries of nuclear reactions and nuclear fission, the process that powers nuclear reactors. We will trace the historical trajectory of nuclear power, from its early inception to its current global status, highlighting the key milestones and controversies that shaped its development. Next, we will delve into the intricacies of the nuclear fuel cycle, tracing the path of uranium from mining to its final resting place as radioactive waste. We will explore the different types of nuclear reactors, from the widely used light water reactors to the more advanced concepts such as molten salt reactors and fast neutron reactors. We will then embark on an in-depth analysis of nuclear power production and economics, examining the processes involved in converting nuclear energy into electricity and the economic factors that drive nuclear power plant investment. We will compare the economics of nuclear power to other energy sources, assessing its competitiveness in the global energy market. The safety and environmental impacts of nuclear power will come under scrutiny, as we explore the risks associated with reactor accidents, radioactive waste disposal, and air and water emissions. We will examine the measures taken to mitigate these risks and minimize the environmental footprint of nuclear power. The social dimensions of nuclear power will be explored in depth, delving into the public perception of this technology, the challenges of building public trust, and the role of government policies and regulations in shaping public attitudes. We will examine the ethical dilemmas surrounding nuclear power, including the potential for weaponization and the implications of nuclear proliferation. Finally, we will cast a forward-looking gaze, assessing the current status and future trends of nuclear power deployment. We will examine the potential of nuclear power to address the challenges of climate change and energy security, exploring emerging technologies such as small modular reactors, thorium-based reactors, and fusion energy. We will conclude by considering the ethical and social implications of the future of nuclear power, as it navigates a world of heightened environmental concerns and growing energy demands. This book is not intended to provide a definitive answer to the complex questions surrounding nuclear power. Instead, it aims to foster a deeper understanding of this technology, its strengths and weaknesses, and its potential role in shaping our energy future. By unraveling the science, technology, and society of nuclear energy, we can engage in informed discussions about its merits and challenges, paving the way for a more informed and responsible approach to this powerful source of energy.