Polymers and Additives in Extreme Environments

Polymers and Additives in Extreme Environments
Author: Johannes Karl Fink
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 530
Release: 2021-09-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119851521

POLYMERS AND ADDITVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS Uniquely catalogs polymers and additives for uses in extreme applications such as in high or low pressure, high or low temperature, deep water and other special applications. The book includes chapters on aqueous environments including polymeric membranes for water purification and wastewater treatment; extreme pressure environments such as oils and lubricants for combustion engines as well as materials used for deep drilling such as surfactants, scale inhibitors, foaming agents, defoamers, propellants, fracturing fluids; extreme temperatures is subdivided in high and low temperature applications including gasketing materials, fuel tank sealants, expulsion bladders, fuel cell materials, and on the other hand, cold weather articles and thermoregulatory textiles; electrical applications include solar cell devices, triboelectric generators, fuel cell applications, electrochromic materials and batteries; medical applications include polymers for contact lenses, materials for tissue engineering, sophisticated drug delivery systems; aerospace applications include outer space applications such as low temperature and pressure, also cosmic rays, outgassing, and atomic erosion, as well as materials for electrostactic dissipative coatings and space suits; a final chapter detailing materials that are used in other extreme environments, such as adhesives, and polymeric concrete materials. Audience Materials and polymer scientists working in manufacturing and plastics, civil and mechanical engineers in various industries such as automotive, aircraft, space, marine and shipping, electronics, construction, electrical, etc. will find this book essential. The book will also serve the needs of engineers and specialists who have only a passing contact with polymers and additives in industrial setting need to know more.

Contamination Mitigating Polymeric Coatings for Extreme Environments

Contamination Mitigating Polymeric Coatings for Extreme Environments
Author: Christopher J. Wohl
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 376
Release: 2020-05-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3030458393

​This volume provides perspectives on the approaches, mechanisms, test methods, durability considerations, and environmental concerns for contamination mitigating coatings and polymers with emphasis on their use in more extreme aerospace and marine terrestrial environments. Parts of the Volume are devoted to application of biomimetics to contamination mitigation polymeric coatings, low ice adhesion surfaces, insect residue adhesion resistance coatings, and marine biofouling mitigation materials. By juxtaposing ice insect, and marine mitigation approaches, researchers and users may more easily identify threads of similarity that will assist in future developments and potential applications in these areas. The volume is of interest to chemists and material scientists in providing awareness of both the need for efficacy in mitigating contamination and for appropriate coating durability; to physicists in providing better understanding of the interaction between the contaminant, the coated surface, and the surrounding environment; and to engineers in describing the need for better scale-up tests between laboratory and field environments.

Going to Extremes

Going to Extremes
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 80
Release: 2005-10-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309097150

Advanced polymer matrix composites (PMC) have many advantages such as light weight and high specific strength that make them useful for many aerospace applications. Enormous uncertainty exists, however, in predicting long-term changes in properties of PMCs under extreme environmental conditions, which has limited their use. To help address this issue, the Department of Defense requested a study from the NRC to identify the barriers and limitations to the use of PMCs in extreme environments. The study was to focus on issues surrounding methodologies for predicting long-term performance. This report provides a review of the challenges facing application of PMCs in extreme environments, the current understanding of PMC properties and behavior, an analysis of the importance of data in developing effective models, and recommendations for improving long-term predictive methodologies.

Materials Under Extreme Conditions

Materials Under Extreme Conditions
Author: A. K. Tyagi
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 872
Release: 2017-01-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128014423

Materials Under Extreme Conditions: Recent Trends and Future Prospects analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of materials exposed to extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, hostile chemical environments, high radiation fields, high vacuum, high magnetic and electric fields, wear and abrasion related to chemical bonding, special crystallographic features, and microstructures. The materials covered in this work encompass oxides, non-oxides, alloys and intermetallics, glasses, and carbon-based materials. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, and technologists in chemical engineering, materials chemistry, chemistry, and condensed matter physics. Describes and analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of a wide range of materials exposed to extreme conditions Brings together information currently scattered across the Internet or incoherently dispersed amongst journals and proceedings Presents chapters on phenomena, materials synthesis, and processing, characterization and properties, and applications Written by established researchers in the field

Chemical Dynamics in Extreme Environments

Chemical Dynamics in Extreme Environments
Author: Rainer A. Dressler
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 644
Release: 2001
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789812811882

As computing power increases, a growing number of macroscopic phenomena are modeled at the molecular level. Consequently, new requirements are generated for the understanding of molecular dynamics in exotic conditions. This book illustrates the importance of detailed chemical dynamics and the role it plays in the phenomenology of a number of extreme environments. Each chapter addresses one or more extreme environments, outlines the associated chemical mechanisms of relevance, and then covers the leading edge science that elucidates the chemical coupling. The chapters exhibit a balance between theory and experiment, gas phase, solid state, and surface dynamics, and geophysical and technical environments. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1.1: Introduction (203 KB). Chapter 1.2: Chemistry at High Temperatures and Pressures (99 KB). Chapter 1.3: High Temperature Chemistry in the Atmosphere (82 KB). Chapter 1.4: Low Temperature Chemistry (90 KB). Chapter 1.5: Conclusions (131 KB). Contents: Exploring Chemistry in Extreme Environments: A Driving Force for Innovation (M R Berman); Chemistry Under Extreme Conditions: Cluster Impact Activation (T Raz & R D Levine); Nonequilibrium Chemistry Modeling in Rarefied Hypersonic Flows (I D Boyd); Chemical Dynamics in Chemical Laser Media (M C Heaven); From Elementary Reactions to Complex Combustion Systems (C Schulz et al.); The Gas-Phase Chemical Dynamics Associated with Meteors (R A Dressler & E Murad); Dynamics of Hypervelocity Gas/Surface Collisions (D C Jacobs); Surface Chemistry in the Jovian Magnetosphere Radiation Environment (R E Johnson); Dynamics of Atomic Oxygen Induced Polymer Degradation in Low Earth Orbit (T K Minton & D J Garton); Atomic-Level Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings: Characterization of MetalOCoCeramic Interface (A Christensen et al.); Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Detonations (C T White et al.). Readership: Scientists engaged in cross-disciplinary work and chemists studying multidisciplinary problems."

Failure of Polymer Products Due to Chemical Attack

Failure of Polymer Products Due to Chemical Attack
Author: David C. Wright
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2001
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781859572696

Degradation reactions grouped under the heading chemical attack include oxidation hydrolysis, halogenation and other reactions. They also include some purely physical interactions between materials and fluids, dominated by the absorption of fluid into the material or vice versa. One particular mechanism described in some detail is acid induced stress corrosion cracking, which is the most frequent cause of premature failure of GRP products, and where the principle degradation reaction is between the fluid and the glass fibres. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.