This report uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine the factors and processes that influence poverty among a nationally representative sample of Canadian women, a community-based sample of married mothers, and a convenience sample of 60 mothers of various marital & employment statuses. The purpose of the study is to identify ways in which income security policies affect mothers differently and to outline life-course trajectories that are most likely to lead to poverty among women. Variables studied include age, educational level, number of children, lone parent status, work & income source variables, partner's work history, and early adversities in life. Findings are used to make a number of policy recommendations related to such matters as family support, family life education, funding of housing, and a national child care system.