Polarized Light In Communication And Behavior Of Two Fish Species
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| Author | : Gina Maria Calabrese |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 140 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Many animals can see polarization of light (a property to which humans are visually insensitive) and use polarization for a variety of behavioral tasks such as navigation and foraging. The polarized light environment is spatially and temporally complex, presenting a unique challenge for signaling or crypsis in animals with polarization vision. Some invertebrates have polarization body patterning that may be used in communication, but only in one species has polarization body patterning been shown to affect receiver behavior, and polarization communication has never been investigated in vertebrates. Many species of fish see polarized light and the aquatic environment is highly polarized; body patterning in visual communication is also common in fish. We measured polarization patterning in the northern swordtail (Xiphophorus nigrensis) and used behavioral assays to measure response to polarization cues of social stimuli in the swordtail and in the rockhind (Epinephelus adscensionis). We found that swordtails have sexually dimorphic polarization patterning. By manipulating the light environment of stimulus males in a two-choice female preference test, we presented females a highly-polarized male and a male with reduced polarization patterning. Females preferred the polarized male, indicating that polarization patterning functions as a sexual signal in swordtails. We measured polarization patterning of swordtails alone and in social contexts, and did not find evidence that swordtails modulate their polarization patterning according to social condition. Rockhinds use color patterning in social dominance interactions and live in highly polarized environments in the Gulf of Mexico. We presented rockhinds with social stimulus images (e.g. images of displaying males, females) and measured behavioral response in two assays. In one assay, the images were not manipulated and thus composed of color, luminance and polarization contrast (as is typical of images displayed with LCD monitors). In the other assay, we manipulated the monitor to remove color and luminance contrast, leaving images of only polarization contrast (invisible to humans and other viewers without polarization vision). Rockhind behavior differed between control conditions (no image displayed) and treatment (social images displayed) for both the complete visual information assay and the polarization-only assay, indicating that they can respond to social stimuli when only polarization cues are present. For most behaviors, response did not differ between the two assay types. Rockhinds responded differently to the different social images for both assays. We find evidence that both swordtails and rockhinds use polarization cues in social behavior, and that polarization patterning functions as a sexual signal in swordtails.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 2275 |
| Release | : 2011-06-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080923232 |
Fish form an extremely diverse group of vertebrates. At a conservative estimate at least 40% of the world's vertebrates are fish. On the one hand they are united by their adaptations to an aquatic environment and on the other they show a variety of adaptations to differing environmental conditions - often to extremes of temperature, salinity, oxygen level and water chemistry. They exhibit an array of behavioural and reproductive systems. Interesting in their own right, this suite of adaptive physiologies provides many model systems for both comparative vertebrate and human physiologists. This four volume encyclopedia covers the diversity of fish physiology in over 300 articles and provides entry level information for students and summary overviews for researchers alike. Broadly organised into four themes, articles cover Functional, Thematic, and Phylogenetic Physiology, and Fish Genomics. Functional articles address the traditional aspects of fish physiology that are common to all areas of vertebrate physiology including: Reproduction, Respiration, Neural (Sensory, Central, Effector), Endocrinology, Renal, Cardiovascular, Acid-base Balance, Osmoregulation, Ionoregulation, Digestion, Metabolism, Locomotion, and so on. Thematic Physiology articles are carefully selected and fewer in number. They provide a level of integration that goes beyond the coverage in the Functional Physiology topics and include discussions of Toxicology, Air-breathing, Migrations, Temperature, Endothermy, etc. Phylogenetic Physiology articles bring together information that bridges the physiology of certain groupings of fishes where the knowledge base has a sufficient depth and breadth and include articles on Ancient Fishes, Tunas, Sharks, etc. Genomics articles describe the underlying genetic component of fish physiology and high light their suitability and use as model organisms for the study of disease, stress and physiological adaptations and reactions to external conditions. Winner of a 2011 PROSE Award Honorable Mention for Multivolume Science Reference from the Association of American Publishers The definitive encyclopedia for the field of fish physiology Three volumes which comprehensively cover the entire field in over 300 entries written by experts Detailed coverage of basic functional physiology of fishes, physiological themes in fish biology and comparative physiology amongst taxonomic Groups Describes the genomic bases of fish physiology and biology and the use of fish as model organisms in human physiological research Includes a glossary of terms
| Author | : E Walter Helbling |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 600 |
| Release | : 2007-10-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1847552269 |
This book offers extensive coverage of the most important aspects of UVR effects on all aquatic (not just freshwater and marine) ecosystems, encompassing UV physics, chemistry, biology and ecology. Comprehensive and up-to-date, UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems aims to bridge the gap between environmental studies of UVR effects and the broader, traditional fields of ecology, oceanography and limnology. Adopting a synthetic approach, the different sections cover: the physical factors controlling UVR intensity in the atmosphere; the penetration and distribution of solar radiation in natural waters; the main photochemical process affecting natural and anthropogenic substances; and direct and indirect effects on organisms (from viruses, bacteria and algae to invertebrate and vertebrate consumers). Researchers and professionals in environmental chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology and cell and molecular biology will value this book, as will those looking at ozone depletion and global change.
| Author | : Dieter Jaeger |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : Computational neuroscience |
| ISBN | : 9781461473206 |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 508 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Aquatic sciences |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Gerhard von der Emde |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 393 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9400710607 |
Fish comprise more than 50% of all living vertebrates and are found in a wide range of highly diverse habitats like the deep sea, the shoreline, tide pools, tropical streams and sweetwater ponds. During evolution, the senses of fish have adapted to the physical conditions of the environment in which different species live. As a result, the senses of fish exhibit a remarkable diversity that allows different species to deal with the physical constraints imposed by their habitat. In addition, fish have evolved several `new' sensory systems that are unique to the aquatic environment. In this book, examples of adaptation and refinement are given for six sensory systems: The visual system, The auditory system, The olfactory system, The mechanosensory lateral line system, The taste system, The electrosensory system. In each case, the environmental conditions under which a particular group of fish lives are analyzed. This is followed by a description of morphology and physiology of the sensory system and by an evaluation of its perceptional capabilities. Finally, the sensory adaptations to the particular conditions that prevail in the habitat of a species are highlighted. The various examples from different groups of fish presented in this book demonstrate the impressive capability of fish sensory systems to effectively overcome physical problems imposed by the environment.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 2662 |
| Release | : 2009-04-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080453376 |
The Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Three Volume Set has engaged with great success the efforts of many of the best behavioral biologists of the 21st century. Section editors drawn from the most accomplished behavioral scientists of their generation have enrolled an international cast of highly respected thinkers and writers all of whom have taken great care and joy in illuminating every imaginable corner of animal behavior. This comprehensive work covers not only the usual topics such as communication, learning, sexual selection, navigation, and the history of the field, but also emerging topics in cognition, animal welfare, conservation, and applications of animal behavior. The large section on animal cognition brings together many of the world's experts on the subject to provide a comprehensive overview of this rapidly developing area. Chapters relating to animal welfare give a full view of behavioral interactions of humans with companion animals, farm animals, and animals in the wild. The key role of animal behavior in conservation biology receives broad attention, including chapters on topics such as the effects of noise pollution, captive breeding, and how the behavioral effects of parasites interacts with conservation issues. Animal behavior in environmental biology is highlighted in chapters on the effects of endocrine disruptors on behavior and a large number of chapters on key species, such as wolves, chimpanzees, hyenas and sharks. Clear, accessible writing complements a wealth of information for undergraduate college students about the essential concepts of animal behavior and the application of those concepts across the field. In-depth coverage of concepts, methods, and exemplar organisms serves the needs of graduate students and professionals in the field. From the use of behavior in assessing the welfare of pigs to the social behavior of insects, from animal empathy to bat brains, this authoritative reference, with its in-depth introductory articles, rich array of illustrations, interactive cross-referenced links, and numerous suggested readings, can guide the student or the professional to an expanded appreciation of the far-flung world of animal behavior. An invaluable tool for teaching and a source of enrichment and detail for any topic covered in an animal behavior course, the Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior is the definitive reference work in its field and will be for years to come. Comprehensive work which covers the usual topics along with emerging areas of animal behavior This encyclopedia contains clear, accessible writing and is well illustrated, including an online video, complimenting a wealth of information As an online reference, this work will be subject to period updating. This ensures that the work always remains current Contains in-depth introductions to the material that make each well-illustrated section come alive with the best the new content the discipline has to offer Glossary includes a compendium of behavioral terms that form a succinct mosaic of virtually every concept and phenomenon related to animal behavior Section editors, drawn from around the world, represent the best and the brightest among today's behavioral biologists and have recruited a broad range of internationally recognized experts Editors-in-Chief are experienced scientists and writers who between them have authored or edited eight books and teach courses in animal behavior at their respective universities
| Author | : Gábor Horváth |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 652 |
| Release | : 2014-10-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642547184 |
This book covers advances made since the 2004 Springer volume “Polarized Light in Animal Vision” edited by Horvath and Varju, but also provides reviews and synopses of some areas. Part I examines polarization sensitivity across many animal taxa including vertebrates and invertebrates and details both terrestrial and aquatic life. Part II is devoted to the description of polarized light in nature and explores how the physics of light must be taken into account when understanding how polarized light is detected by the visual system. This includes underwater polarization due to scattering; polarization patterns reflected from freshwater bodies; polarization characteristics of forest canopies; normal and anomalous polarization patterns of the skies; skylight polarization transmitted through Snell’s window and both linearly and circularly polarized signals produced by terrestrial and aquatic animals. This Part also examines polarized “light pollution” induced by anthropogenic factors such as reflection off asphalt surfaces, glass panes, car bodies, and other man-made structures that are now known to form ecological traps for polarotactic insects. Part III surveys some of the practical applications of polarization vision including polarization-based traps for biting insects, ground-based polarimetric cloud detectors and an historical examination of the navigational abilities of Viking seafarers using the sky polarization compass. The deterrent qualities of ungulate pelage to polarization-sensitive biting insects is also examined in this section.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 321 |
| Release | : 2000-01-18 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0080524281 |
Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 29 continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes foster cooperation and communications in these dense fields. The aim of Advances in the Study of Behavior remains as it has been since the series began: to serve the increasing number of scientists who are engaged in the study of animal behavior by presenting their theoretical ideas and research to their colleagues and to those in neighboring fields. We hope that the series will continue its "contribution to the development of the field," as its intended role was phrased in the Preface to the first volume in 1965. Since that time, traditional areas of animal behavior have achieved new vigor by the links they have formed with related fields and by the closer relationship that now exists between those studying animal and human subjects.
| Author | : Sönke Johnsen |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 357 |
| Release | : 2012-01-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 140084066X |
Optics—a field of physics focusing on the study of light—is also central to many areas of biology, including vision, ecology, botany, animal behavior, neurobiology, and molecular biology. The Optics of Life introduces the fundamentals of optics to biologists and nonphysicists, giving them the tools they need to successfully incorporate optical measurements and principles into their research. Sönke Johnsen starts with the basics, describing the properties of light and the units and geometry of measurement. He then explores how light is created and propagates and how it interacts with matter, covering topics such as absorption, scattering, fluorescence, and polarization. Johnsen also provides a tutorial on how to measure light as well as an informative discussion of quantum mechanics. The Optics of Life features a host of examples drawn from nature and everyday life, and several appendixes that offer further practical guidance for researchers. This concise book uses a minimum of equations and jargon, explaining the basic physics of light in a succinct and lively manner. It is the essential primer for working biologists and for anyone seeking an accessible introduction to optics.
