Plutarco Elías Calles and the Mexican Revolution

Plutarco Elías Calles and the Mexican Revolution
Author: Jürgen Buchenau
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2023-06-14
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1461640954

This biography of the Mexican revolutionary examines his rise from soldier to president to his continued influence as Jefe Maximo. Hailing from the border state of Sonora, Plutarco Elías Calles found his calling in the early years of the revolution, quickly rising to national prominence. As president from 1924 to 1928, Calles undertook an ambitious reform program, modernized the financial system, and defended national sovereignty against an interventionist U.S. government. Yet these reforms failed to eradicate underdevelopment, corruption, and social injustice. Moreover, his unyielding campaigns against political enemies and the Catholic Church earned him a reputation as a repressive strongman. After his term as president, Calles continued to exert broad influence as his country's foremost political figure while three weaker presidents succeeded each other in an atmosphere of constant political crisis. He played a significant role in founding a ruling party that reined in power-hungry military leaders and helped workers attain better living conditions. This dynastic party and its successors, including the present-day Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Party of the Institutional Revolution), remained in power until 2000. Through this comprehensive assessment of a quintessential Mexican politician, Buchenau opens an illuminating window into both the Mexican Revolution and contemporary Mexico.

Plutarco Elías Calles and the Mexican Revolution

Plutarco Elías Calles and the Mexican Revolution
Author: Jürgen Buchenau
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 477
Release: 2023-06-14
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1461640954

This biography of the Mexican revolutionary examines his rise from soldier to president to his continued influence as Jefe Maximo. Hailing from the border state of Sonora, Plutarco Elías Calles found his calling in the early years of the revolution, quickly rising to national prominence. As president from 1924 to 1928, Calles undertook an ambitious reform program, modernized the financial system, and defended national sovereignty against an interventionist U.S. government. Yet these reforms failed to eradicate underdevelopment, corruption, and social injustice. Moreover, his unyielding campaigns against political enemies and the Catholic Church earned him a reputation as a repressive strongman. After his term as president, Calles continued to exert broad influence as his country's foremost political figure while three weaker presidents succeeded each other in an atmosphere of constant political crisis. He played a significant role in founding a ruling party that reined in power-hungry military leaders and helped workers attain better living conditions. This dynastic party and its successors, including the present-day Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Party of the Institutional Revolution), remained in power until 2000. Through this comprehensive assessment of a quintessential Mexican politician, Buchenau opens an illuminating window into both the Mexican Revolution and contemporary Mexico.

The Last Caudillo

The Last Caudillo
Author: Jürgen Buchenau
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2011-02-04
Genre: History
ISBN: 1444397184

The Last Caudillo presents a brief biography of the life and times of General Alvaro Obregón, along with new insights into the Mexican Revolution and authoritarian rule in Latin America. Features a succinct biography of the life and times of a fascinating figure in Mexico's revolutionary past Represents the most analytical and up-to-date study of caudillo/military strongman rule Sheds new light on the networks and discourse practices that support rulers such as the Castros in Cuba and Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, and the emergence of modern Mexico Offers new insights into the role of leadership, the nature of revolution, and the complex forces that helped shape modern Mexico

Mexico's Once and Future Revolution

Mexico's Once and Future Revolution
Author: Gilbert M. Joseph
Publisher: Duke University Press
Total Pages: 263
Release: 2013-09-04
Genre: History
ISBN: 0822377381

In this concise historical analysis of the Mexican Revolution, Gilbert M. Joseph and Jürgen Buchenau explore the revolution's causes, dynamics, consequences, and legacies. They do so from varied perspectives, including those of campesinos and workers; politicians, artists, intellectuals, and students; women and men; the well-heeled, the dispossessed, and the multitude in the middle. In the process, they engage major questions about the revolution. How did the revolutionary process and its aftermath modernize the nation's economy and political system and transform the lives of ordinary Mexicans? Rather than conceiving the revolution as either the culminating popular struggle of Mexico's history or the triumph of a new (not so revolutionary) state over the people, Joseph and Buchenau examine the textured process through which state and society shaped each other. The result is a lively history of Mexico's "long twentieth century," from Porfirio Díaz's modernizing dictatorship to the neoliberalism of the present day.

Fanáticos, Exiles, and Spies

Fanáticos, Exiles, and Spies
Author: Julian F. Dodson
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2019-04-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 1623497531

Borders and boundaries are porous, especially in the context of political revolutions. Historian Julian F. Dodson has uncovered the story of postrevolutionary Mexico’s attempts to protect its northern border from various plots hatched by groups exiled in the United States. Such plots sought to overthrow the regime of President Plutarco Elías Calles in the 1920s. These borderland battles were largely fought through espionage, pitting undercover agents of the government’s Departamento Confidencial against various groups of political exiles—themselves experienced spies—who were now residing in American cities such as Los Angeles, Tucson, San Antonio, and Brownsville. Fanáticos, Exiles, and Spies shows that, in successive waves, the political and military exiles of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) sought refuge in and continued to operate from urban centers along the international boundary. The de la Huerta rebellion of 1923 and the Cristero War of 1926–1929 defined the bloody religious conflict that dominated the decade, even as smaller rebellions bubbled up along the border, often funded by politically connected exiles. Previous scholarship has tended to treat these various rebellions as isolated episodes, but Dodson argues that the violent popular and military uprisings were not isolated at all. They were nothing less than an extension of the violence and fratricidal warfare that so distinctly marked the preceding decade of the revolution. Fanáticos, Exiles, and Spies reveals the fluidity of a border between two nations before it hardened into the political boundary we know today.

The Eagle and the Virgin

The Eagle and the Virgin
Author: Mary Kay Vaughan
Publisher: Duke University Press
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2006-03-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 0822387522

When the fighting of the Mexican Revolution died down in 1920, the national government faced the daunting task of building a cohesive nation. It had to establish control over a disparate and needy population and prepare the country for global economic competition. As part of this effort, the government enlisted the energy of artists and intellectuals in cultivating a distinctly Mexican identity. It devised a project for the incorporation of indigenous peoples and oversaw a vast, innovative program in the arts. The Eagle and the Virgin examines the massive nation-building project Mexico undertook between 1920 and 1940. Contributors explore the nation-building efforts of the government, artists, entrepreneurs, and social movements; their contradictory, often conflicting intersection; and their inevitably transnational nature. Scholars of political and social history, communications, and art history describe the creation of national symbols, myths, histories, and heroes to inspire patriotism and transform workers and peasants into efficient, productive, gendered subjects. They analyze the aesthetics of nation building made visible in murals, music, and architecture; investigate state projects to promote health, anticlericalism, and education; and consider the role of mass communications, such as cinema and radio, and the impact of road building. They discuss how national identity was forged among social groups, specifically political Catholics, industrial workers, middle-class women, and indigenous communities. Most important, the volume weighs in on debates about the tension between the eagle (the modernizing secular state) and the Virgin of Guadalupe (the Catholic defense of faith and morality). It argues that despite bitter, violent conflict, the symbolic repertoire created to promote national identity and memory making eventually proved capacious enough to allow the eagle and the virgin to coexist peacefully. Contributors. Adrian Bantjes, Katherine Bliss, María Teresa Fernández, Joy Elizabeth Hayes, Joanne Hershfield, Stephen E. Lewis, Claudio Lomnitz, Rick A. López, Sarah M. Lowe, Jean Meyer, James Oles, Patrice Olsen, Desmond Rochfort, Michael Snodgrass, Mary Kay Vaughan, Marco Velázquez, Wendy Waters, Adriana Zavala

The Women's Revolution in Mexico, 1910-1953

The Women's Revolution in Mexico, 1910-1953
Author: Stephanie Evaline Mitchell
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2007
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780742537316

This book reinvigorates the debate on the Mexican Revolution, exploring what this pivotal event meant to women. The contributors offer a fresh look at women's participation in their homes and workplaces and through politics and community activism. Drawing on a variety of perspectives, the volume illuminates the ways women variously accepted, contested, used, and manipulated the revolutionary project. Recovering narratives that have been virtually written out of the historical record, this book brings us a rich and complex array of women's experiences in the revolutionary and post-revolutionary era in Mexico.

How a Revolutionary Art Became Official Culture

How a Revolutionary Art Became Official Culture
Author: Mary K. Coffey
Publisher: Duke University Press
Total Pages: 249
Release: 2012-04-17
Genre: Art
ISBN: 0822350378

This is a study of the reciprocal relationship between Mexican muralism and the three major Mexican museums&—the Palace of Fine Arts, the National History Museum, and the National Anthropology Museum.

Memoirs of Pancho Villa

Memoirs of Pancho Villa
Author: Martín Luis Guzmán
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Total Pages: 550
Release: 1965
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0292750285

This is a tale that might be told around a campfire, night after night in the midst of a military campaign. The kinetic and garrulous Pancho Villa talking on and on about battles and men; bursting out with hearty, masculine laughter; weeping unashamed for fallen comrades; casually mentioning his hotheadedness—"one of my violent outbursts"—which sent one, two, or a dozen men before the firing squad; recounting amours; and always, always protesting dedication to the Revolutionary cause and the interests of "the people." Villa saw himself as the champion, eventually almost the sole champion, of the Mexican people. He fought for them, he said, and opponents who called him bandit and murderer were hypocrites. This is his story, his account of how it all began when as a peasant boy of sixteen he shot a rich landowner threatening the honor of his sister. This lone, starved refugee hiding out in the mountains became the scourge of the Mexican Revolution, the leader of thousands of men, and the hero of the masses of the poor. Great battles of the Revolution are described, sometimes as broad sweeps of strategy, sometimes as they developed half hour by half hour. Long, dusty horseback forays and cold nights spent pinned down under enemy fire on a mountainside are made vivid and gripping. The assault on Ciudad Juárez in 1911, the battles of Tierra Blanca, of Torreón, of Zacatecas, of Celaya, all are here, told with a feeling of great immediacy. This volume ends as Villa and Obregón prepare to engage each other in the war between victorious generals into which the Revolution degenerated before it finally ended. Martín Luis Guzmán, eminent historian of Mexico, knew and traveled with Pancho Villa at various times during the Revolution. General Villa offered young Martín Luis a position as his secretary, but he declined. When many years later some of Villa's private papers, records, and what was apparently the beginning of an autobiography came into Guzmán's hands, he was ideally suited to blend all these into an authentic account of the Revolution as Pancho Villa saw it, and of the General's life as known only to Villa himself. The Memoirs were first published in Mexico in 1951, where they were extremely popular; this volume was the first English publication. Virginia H. Taylor, translator in the Spanish Archives of the State of Texas Land Office, has accurately captured in English the flavor of the narrative.