Phytochemical Effects Of Environmental Compounds
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| Author | : James A. Saunders |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 271 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461319315 |
The influence of compounds in the environment on the chemistry of plants is a topic which has economic and scientific implications of global importance. Selected presentations in this symposium covered several topics within this immense field, inclusive of air, soil, and aquatic sources of the compounds. As demonstrated in Chapter 4 by O'Keeffe et al. we have not restricted the discussion solely to negative aspects of anthropogenic compounds. Nor could we begin to cover comprehensively all major classes of environmental compounds in the air, soil or water that may have an effect on the phytochemistry of plants. Our intent was to focus on some of the timely and well publicized environmental constituents such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, acid rain, and others, to provide an authoritative publication specifically related to environ mental modifications of plant chemistry. The concept of this symposium originated with the Executive Committee of the Phytochemical Society of North America in 1983. It was brought to fruition during July 13-17, 1986 on the campus of the University of Maryland at the annual meeting of the PSNA through the efforts of the Symposium Committee composed of James A. Saunders and Lynn Kosak-Channing. Financial support for this meeting was provided by the Phytochemical Society of North America, as well as by generous contributions from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The Organizing Committee, consisting of J. A. Saunders (Chair), J. M. Gillespie, L. Kosak-Channing, E. H. Lee, J. P.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2019-05-16 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9241515430 |
This report is structured in five parts: national framework for traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM); product regulation; practices and practitioners; the challenges faced by countries; and finally the country profiles. Apart from the section on practices and practitioners the report is consistent with the format of the report of the first global survey in order to provide a useful comparison. The section on practices and practitioners which covers providers education and health insurance is a new section incorporated to reflect the emerging trends in T&CM and to gather new information regarding these topics at a national level. All new information received has been incorporated into individual country profiles and data graphs. The report captures the three phases of progress made by Member States; that is before and after the first WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy (1999?2005) from the first global survey to the second global survey (2005?2012) and from the second survey to the most recent timeline (2012?2018).
| Author | : Bhanu Prakash |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 2020-02-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128196866 |
Functional and Preservative Properties of Phytochemicals examines the potential of plant-based bioactive compounds as functional food ingredients and preservative agents against food-spoiling microbes and oxidative deterioration. The book provides a unified and systematic accounting of plant-based bioactive compounds by illustrating the connections among the different disciplines, such as food science, nutrition, pharmacology, toxicology, combinatorial chemistry, nanotechnology and biotechnological approaches. Chapters present the varied sources of raw materials, biochemical properties, metabolism, health benefits, preservative efficacy, toxicological aspect, safety and Intellectual Property Right issue of plant-based bioactive compounds. Written by authorities within the field, the individual chapters of the book are organized according to the following practical and easy to consult format: introduction, chapter topics and text, conclusions (take-home lessons), and references cited for further reading. - Provides collective information on recent advancements that increase the potential use of phytochemicals - Fosters an understanding of plant-based dietary bioactive ingredients and their physiological effects on human health at the molecular level - Thoroughly explores biotechnology, omics, and bioinformatics approaches to address the availability, cost, and mode of action of plant-based functional and preservative ingredients
| Author | : Hans-Walter Heldt |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 658 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0120883910 |
1 A Leaf Cell Consists of Several Metabolic Compartments 2 The Use of Energy from Sunlight by Photosynthesis is the Basis of Life on Earth 3 Photosynthesis is an Electron Transport Process 4 ATP is Generated by Photosynthesis 5 Mitochondria are the Power Station of the Cell 6 The Calvin Cycle Catalyzes Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation 7 In the Photorespiratory Pathway Phosphoglycolate Formed by the Oxygenase Activity of RubisCo is Recycled 8 Photosynthesis Implies the Consumption of Water 9 Polysaccharides are Storage and Transport Forms of Carbohydrates Produced by Photosynthesis 10Nitrate Assimilation is Essential for the Synthesis of Organic Matter 11 Nitrogen Fixation Enables the Nitrogen in the Air to be Used for Plant Growth 12 Sulfate Assimilation Enables the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Substances 13 Phloem Transport Distributes Photoassimilates to the Various Sites of Consumption and Storage 14 Products of Nitrate Assimilation are Deposited in Plants as Storage Proteins 15 Glycerolipids are Membrane Constituents and Function as Carbon Stores 16 Secondary Metabolites Fulfill Specific Ecological Functions in Plants 17 Large Diversity of Isoprenoids has Multiple Funtions in Plant Metabolism 18 Phenylpropanoids Comprise a Multitude of Plant Secondary Metabolites and Cell Wall Components 19 Multiple Signals Regulate the Growth and Development of Plant Organs and Enable Their Adaptation to Environmental Conditions 20 A Plant Cell has Three Different Genomes 21 Protein Biosynthesis Occurs at Different Sites of a Cell 22 Gene Technology Makes it Possible to Alter Plants to Meet Requirements of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Industry.
| Author | : Toshiki Asao |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 2018-11-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1789843774 |
Phytochemicals provides original research work and reviews on the sources of phytochemicals, and their roles in disease prevention, supplementation, and accumulation in fruits and vegetables. The roles of anthocyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids, and taxol are presented in separate chapters. Antioxidative and free radicle scavenging activity of phytochemicals is also discussed. The medicinal properties of Opuntia, soybean, sea buckthorn, and gooseberry are presented in a number of chapters. Supplementation of plant extract with phytochemical properties in broiler meals is discussed in one chapter. The final two chapters include the impact of agricultural practices and novel processing technologies on the accumulation of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables. This book mainly focuses on medicinal plants and the disease-preventing properties of phytochemicals, which will be a useful resource to the reader.
| Author | : Gerard Bodeker |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 472 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1860949134 |
This is the first book to address public health issues in traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM). It presents state-of-the-art reviews of TCAM research in a range of priority public health areas such as malaria and HIV and in such common ailments as skin conditions and orthopedic injury in developing countries. Contributions analyze policy trends in areas such as financing of TCAM and education and training in this field as well as selected case studies of model TCAM projects. Important chapters on research methodology, ethical and safety issues, and intellectual property rights pertaining to traditional medicine are also presented. Public financing for TCAM is a test of the commitment of governments, and the book includes an analysis from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Atlas data of the worldwide trends in this area. With safety concerns foremost in the minds of both policy makers and the public, the book offers a global overview of policy and legislative trends in this field as well as an important set of guidelines for pharmacovigilance and TCAM products. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction (1,729 KB). Contents: Foreword (Allan Rosenfield); Policy: Introduction (Gerard Bodeker & Gemma Burford); Policy and Public Health Perspectives on Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Overview (Gerard Bodeker, Fredi Kronenberg & Gemma Burford); Financing Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Health Care Services and Research (Gemma Burford, Gerard Bodeker & Chi-Keong Ong); Training (Gerard Bodeker, Cora Neumann, Chi-Keong Ong & Gemma Burford); Safety: Issues and Policy (Gilbert Shia, Barry Noller & Gemma Burford); Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines: A United Kingdom Perspective (Joanne Barnes); Medicinal Plant Biodiversity and Local Healthcare: Sustainable Use and Livelihood Development (Gerard Bodeker & Gemma Burford); Home Herbal Gardens OCo A Novel Health Security Strategy Based on Local Knowledge and Resources (G Hariramamurthi, P Venkatasubramanian, P M Unnikrishnan & D Shankar); Humanitarian Responses to Traditional Medicine for Refugee Care (Cora Neumann & Gerard Bodeker); Public-Private Partnerships: A Case Study from East Africa (Patrick Mbindyo); Public Health Issues: Priority Diseases and Health Conditions: Malaria (Merlin L Willcox & Gerard Bodeker); HIV/AIDS: Traditional Systems of Health Care in the Management of a Global Epidemic (Gerard Bodeker, Gemma Burford, Mark Dvorak-Little & George Carter); An Overview of Clinical Studies on Complementary and Alternative Medicine in HIV Infection and AIDS (Jianping Liu); Skin and Wound Care: Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Public Health Dermatology (Gemma Burford, Gerard Bodeker & Terence J Ryan); Traditional Orthopaedic Practices: Beyond OCyBonesettingOCO (Gemma Burford, Gerard Bodeker & Jonathan Cohen); Research: Clinical Trial Methodology (Ranjit Roy Chaudhury, Urmila Thatte & Jianping Liu); Ethical Issues in Research (Merlin L Willcox, Gerard Bodeker & Ranjit Roy Chaudhury); Intellectual Property Rights (Gerard Bodeker); Epilogue (Gerard Bodeker & Gemma Burford). Readership: Public health specialists and departments; health policy departments in ministries of health and universities; colleges of traditional and complementary medicine; World Health Organization and affiliated institutions; medical schools as a background text on TCAM."
| Author | : Chukwuebuka Egbuna |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 478 |
| Release | : 2018-12-12 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 0429760124 |
This volume presents chapters that discuss secondary metabolites of marine origin, the industrial applications of phytochemicals, and recent advances in phytochemical research. It considers production of secondary metabolites and accumulations through in vitro cultures and also reviews the effects of natural products as biopesticides and as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. In addition, the volume discusses the effects of the environment on the distribution of phytochemicals and the roles of phytochelatins and heavy metal tolerance in plants.
| Author | : Mansour Ghorbanpour |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2017-10-31 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319687174 |
This book sheds new light on the role of various environmental factors in regulating the metabolic adaptation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Many of the chapters present cutting-edge findings on the contamination of medicinal plants through horizontal transfer, as well as nanomaterials and the biosynthesis of pharmacologically active compounds. In addition, the book highlights the impacts of environmental factors (e.g., high and low temperature, climate change, global warming, UV irradiation, intense sunlight and shade, ozone, carbon dioxide, drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency, agrochemicals, waste, heavy metals, nanomaterials, weeds, pests and pathogen infections) on medicinal and aromatic plants, emphasizing secondary metabolisms. In recent years, interest has grown in the use of bioactive compounds from natural sources. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute an important part of the natural environment and agro-ecosystems, and contain a wealth of chemical compounds known as secondary metabolites and including alkaloids, glycosides, essential oils and other miscellaneous active substances. These metabolites help plants cope with environmental and/or external stimuli in a rapid, reversible and ecologically meaningful manner. Additionally, environmental factors play a crucial role in regulating the metabolic yield of these biologically active molecules. Understanding how medicinal plants respond to environmental perturbations and climate change could open new frontiers in plant production and in agriculture, where successive innovation is urgently needed due to the looming challenges in connection with global food security and climate change. Readers will discover a range of revealing perspectives and the latest research on this vital topic.
| Author | : John T. Arnason |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 369 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1489917780 |
Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are receiving ever greater attention in the scientific literature, in medicine, and in the world economy in general. For example, the global value of plant-derived pharmaceuticals will reach $500 billion in the year 2000 in the OECD countries. In the developing countries, over-the-counter remedies and "ethical phytomedicines," which are standardized toxicologically and clinically defined crude drugs, are seen as a promising low cost alternatives in primary health care. The field also has benefited greatly in recent years from the interaction of the study of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and the application of modem phytochemical analysis and biological activity studies to medicinal plants. The papers on this topic assembled in the present volume were presented at the annual meeting of the Phytochemical Society of North America, held in Mexico City, August 15-19, 1994. This meeting location was chosen at the time of entry of Mexico into the North American Free Trade Agreement as another way to celebrate the closer ties between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The meeting site was the historic Calinda Geneve Hotel in Mexico City, a most appropriate site to host a group of phytochemists, since it was the address of Russel Marker. Marker lived at the hotel, and his famous papers on steroidal saponins from Dioscorea composita, which launched the birth control pill, bear the address of the hotel.
| Author | : Jeffrey B. Harborne |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 346 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400959214 |
While there are many books available on methods of organic and biochemical analysis, the majority are either primarily concerned with the application of a particular technique (e.g. paper chromatography) or have been written for an audience of chemists or for biochemists work ing mainly with animaltissues. Thus, no simple guide to modern metho ds of plant analysis exists and the purpose of the present volume is to fill this gap. It is primarily intended for students in the plant sciences, who have a botanical or a general biological background. It should also be of value to students in biochemistry, pharmacognosy, food science and 'natural products' organic chemistry. Most books on chromatography, while admirably covering the needs of research workers, tend to overwhelm the student with long lists of solvent systems and spray reagents that can be applied to each class of organic constituent. The intention here is to simplify the situation by listing only a few specially recommended techniques that have wide currency in phytochemical laboratories. Sufficient details are provided to allow the student to use the techniques for themselves and most sections contain some introductory practical experiments which can be used in classwork.
