Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics
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Author | : Institute of Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 172 |
Release | : 2002-01-07 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309082587 |
This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.
Author | : Matthew E. Cross |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 439 |
Release | : 2014-03-06 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1107615887 |
A quick reference to basic science for anaesthetists, containing all the key information needed for FRCA exams.
Author | : Mark Tomlin |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 79 |
Release | : 2010-07-30 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1849961468 |
Effective drug administration is a crucial skill for any practitioner working in the critical care unit. This book, in providing a concise account of the fundamental principles of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, equips the critical care physician for such a task. In addition to the principles of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, this volume alerts the reader to factors that affect drug action such as disease, pregnancy and age, and advises on how to adjust drug dosages accordingly. The specialist therapeutics covered comprise drugs targeting the gastro-intestinal tract, sedation, non-opioid analgesia and opiates. A quick and easy reference, this volume will prove a valuable asset for both trainees and fully qualified practitioners in critical care.
Author | : Johan Gabrielsson |
Publisher | : Swedish Pharmaceutical Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2012-05-07 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781466560314 |
PKPD awareness is vital if we are to attempt to relate preclinical results to the acute and long term consequences in humans. The debate on whether preclinical findings can be translated to the human usage is still engaging scientists across industry, academia and regulatory bodies. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) comprise traditionally distinct disciplines within pharmacology, the study of the interaction of drugs with the body. It is our intention to show that by deliberately, intimately and systematically integrate these disciplines our understanding of drugs and the efficiency and effectiveness of drug discovery and development may be greatly enhanced. The book is therefore written with a broad audience in mind and focuses on concepts. Pharmacologists of all sorts, safety scientists, pharmacokineticists, medicinal chemists, clinicians, statisticians, veterinarians, animal science professionals, project leaders and students of medical, pharmaceutical and veterinary sciences are the primary targets. This textbook Introduces the basics of PK and PD concepts Outlines the implications of integrating PK and PD analysis Introduces the principles behind different biomarkers and inter-species scaling Discusses experimental design of PK, PD and safety studies in non-human species Covers numerous real life Case Studies from the drug discovery arena
Author | : Jennifer B. Dressman |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 432 |
Release | : 2016-04-19 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1420077341 |
Oral Drug Absorption, Second Edition thoroughly examines the special equipment and methods used to test whether drugs are released adequately when administered orally. The contributors discuss methods for accurately establishing and validating in vitro/in vivo correlations for both MR and IR formulations, as well as alternative approaches for MR an
Author | : Mohsen A. Hedaya |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 599 |
Release | : 2012-02-09 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1439850739 |
Knowledge of pharmacokinetics is critical to understanding the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. It is therefore vital to those engaged in the discovery, development, and preclinical and clinical evaluation of drugs, as well as practitioners involved in the clinical use of drugs. Using different approaches accessible to a wide variety of readers, Basic Pharmacokinetics: Second Edition demonstrates the quantitative pharmacokinetic relations and the interplay between pharmacokinetic parameters. After a basic introduction to pharmacokinetics and its related fields, the book examines: Mathematical operations commonly used in pharmacokinetics Drug distribution and clearance and how they affect the rate of drug elimination after a single dose Factors affecting drug absorption following extravascular drug administration, the rate and extent of drug absorption, and drug bioequivalence The steady-state concept during constant rate intravenous infusion and during multiple drug administration Renal drug elimination, drug metabolism, multicompartment models, nonlinear pharmacokinetics, and drug administration by intermittent intravenous infusion Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, noncompartmental pharmacokinetic data analysis, clearance concept from the physiological point of view, and physiological modeling Clinical applications of pharmacokinetics, including therapeutic drug monitoring, drug pharmacokinetics in special populations, pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, pharmacogenomics, and applications of computers in pharmacokinetics Accompanying the book is a CD-ROM with self-instructional tutorials and pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic simulations, allowing visualization of concepts for enhanced comprehension. This learning tool received an award from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy for innovation in teaching, making it a valuable supplement to this essential text.
Author | : Bertram G. Katzung |
Publisher | : McGraw Hill Professional |
Total Pages | : 1326 |
Release | : 2020-11-22 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1260452328 |
Master key pharmacological concepts and practices with the most comprehensive, authoritative guide available Doody's Core Titles for 2023! Presented in full-color and packed with hundreds of illustrations, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology is the wide-ranging, engaging guide students have counted on for decades. Organized to reflect the course sequence in many pharmacology courses and in integrated curricula, the guide covers the important concepts students need to know about the science of pharmacology and its application to clinical practice. This edition has been extensively updated to provide expanded coverage of transporters, pharmacogenomics, and new drugs Delivers the knowledge and insight needed to excel in every facet of pharmacology!. Encompasses all aspects of medical pharmacology, including botanicals and over-the-counter drugs Major revisions of the chapters on immunopharmacology, antiseizure, antipsychotic, antidepressant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral drugs, prostaglandins, and central nervous system neurotransmitters New chapter on the increasingly relevant topic of cannabis pharmacology Each chapter opens with a case study, covers drug groups and prototypes, and closes with summary tables and diagrams that encapsulate important information Revised full-color illustrations provide more information about drug mechanisms and effects and help clarify important concepts Trade Name/Generic Name tables are provided at end of each chapter for easy reference when writing a chart order or prescription Includes descriptions of important new drugs released through May 2019 New and updated coverage of general concepts relating to recently discovered receptors, receptor mechanisms, and drug transporters
Author | : Diane S. Aschenbrenner |
Publisher | : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
Total Pages | : 360 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780781777438 |
The perfect companion to Drug Therapy in Nursing, Second Edition, this invaluable study partner delivers guidance on individual patient management from a nurse-as-caregiver perspective, helping you build essential knowledge and develop sound practice skills. Knowledge-building features include Top Ten Things to Know lists, key terms, multiple-choice questions, case studies, and critical thinking challenges. A "Just the Facts" feature helps deepen your understanding of essential drugs, their actions, indications, contraindications, and cautions. A "Patients Please" feature helps you put the needs of the patient first, with facts on core patient variables.
Author | : Institute of Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 135 |
Release | : 2000-04-07 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309183642 |
The Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices evolved from the Forum on Drug Development, which was established in 1986. Sponsor representatives and IOM determined the importance of maintaining a neutral setting for discussions regarding long-term and politically sensitive issues justified the need to revise and enhance past efforts. The new Roundtable is intended to be a mechanism by which a broad group of experts from the public* and private sectors can be convened to conduct a dialogue and exchange information related to the development of drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Members have expertise in clinical medicine, pediatrics, clinical pharmacology, health policy, health insurance, industrial management, and product development; and they represent interests that address all facets of public policy issues. From time to time, the Roundtable requests that a workshop be conducted for the purpose of exploring a specific topic in detail and obtaining the views of additional experts. The first workshop for the Roundtable was held on April 14 and 15, 1998, and was entitled Assuring Data Quality and Validity in Clinical Trials for Regulatory Decision Making. The summary on that workshop is available from IOM. This workshop summary covers the second workshop, which was held on May 24 and 25, 1999, and which was aimed at facilitating the development and proper use of drugs, biologics, and medical devices for infants and children. It explores the scientific underpinnings and clinical needs, as well as the regulatory, legal, and ethical issues, raised by this area of research and development.
Author | : Henry Cohen |
Publisher | : McGraw Hill Professional |
Total Pages | : 300 |
Release | : 2014-10-06 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0071832769 |
A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO DESIGNING ACCURATE DOSING REGIMENS Casebook in Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing uses real-life cases to teach pharmacy students, pharmacists, and clinical pharmacists how to apply pharmacokinetics to formulate proper dosing regimens. In order to be as clinically relevant as possible, the book not only discusses drugs with readily available therapeutic serum levels, but places equal emphasis on high-alert agents with narrow therapeutic indexes. Each drug chapter is written by clinical pharmacists who have hands-on experience in drug dosing and includes an overview of the drug’s pharmacology, including: Indications Mec hanisms of action Toxicities Pharmacokinetics There is comprehensive review and discussion of each drug's bioavailability, volume of distribution, clearance, half-life, therapeutic drug level monitoring, drug interactions, dosing, and availability. Each chapter is enhanced by numerous patient cases with clear step-by-step answers and explanations. Calculations, equations, and dosing recommendations are provided for each case.